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1.
The ileocecal reservoir (Indiana pouch) is a large volume, low pressure continent reservoir well suited for urinary diversion. The mechanism of continence is believed to be the result of several factors, including the natural ileocecal valve resistance, resistance produced by the plication of the ileal segment and normal peristalsis of the ileum. We report the results of a video-urodynamic study in patients with an Indiana pouch, aimed at establishing the factors that contribute to continence and their relative significance. Video-urodynamic studies clearly demonstrate that continence in this type of urinary reservoir is dependent upon a synergism of the aforementioned factors in combination with the low intraluminal pressure of the detubularized bowel. Video-urodynamic studies offer an objective demonstration of the reservoir dynamics and its continence mechanisms, and provide an insight into the possible etiology of incontinence. Such studies also offer an objective means for critical comparison of the different continent urinary reservoirs. 相似文献
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Eric Emerson Janet Robertson Justin Wood 《Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities》2004,17(2):77-84
Background The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with the level of psychological distress reported by family carers of children with intellectual disability living in a large urban conurbation. Method Information was collected by postal questionnaire (or interview for family carers who did not have English as their first language) from the family carers of 408 children with intellectual disability (31% of all children within the area administratively identified as having an intellectual disability). Results Results indicated that 47% of primary carers scored above the threshold for psychological distress on the GHQ and that scoring above the threshold was strongly related to the emotional and behavioural needs of the index child and South‐Asian ethnicity and moderately associated with the severity of the child's delay in communication. Conclusions The rates of psychological distress (47% overall, 70% among South‐Asian carers) were markedly higher than that found in previous studies of carers supporting a child with intellectual disabilities. It is suggested that these elevated rates of psychological distress may be mediated by socio‐economic deprivation. 相似文献
5.
Liviana Da Dalt Silvia Callegaro Silvia Carraro Barbara Andreola Massimo Corradi Eugenio Baraldi 《Pediatric allergy and immunology》2007,18(2):100-104
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a very common infection in infants and, after the acute phase, a number of patients develop a reactive airway disease that lasts for years. Although the pathogenesis of the lung damage after RSV bronchiolitis is still largely unknown, previous studies suggest that leukotrienes may play an active part in it. The aim of this study was to measure leukotriene levels in the nasal lavage fluid (NLF) collected in infants during RSV bronchiolitis and 1 month later. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) were measured in the NLF of 22 infants with their first episode of RSV bronchiolitis and 16 healthy infants. A second NLF sample was collected to measure leukotriene levels 1 month after the acute disease. NLF Cys-LT levels were significantly higher in infants with RSV bronchiolitis than in healthy controls [950 pg/ml (285.5-2155.9) vs. 110.5 pg/ml (66.5-451.3), p = 0.01], and they remained so a month after the acute infection (p = 0.02). A subanalysis showed no difference in Cys-LTs concentrations, either between bronchiolitis infants with and without a family history of atopy, or between those with and without passive exposure to cigarette smoke. No significant difference was found between the LTB(4) levels measured in the bronchiolitis cases and the control children. Cys-LTs are significantly increased in the NLF of infants with acute RSV bronchiolitis, and remain so at 1-month follow-up, suggesting a possible role of these eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of the disease. 相似文献
6.
The purpose of this study was to examine motor learning and retention given extensive practice in two fundamentally different movement sequences. One sequence was a memory-driven task (performing a series of whole body positions from memory) and the other a context-driven task (buttoning). Practice took place over 3 weeks, with performance measured weekly; retention was measured weekly for 3 weeks after practice. There were 7 people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 7 age-matched neurologically healthy people who participated in this study. Both groups improved performance on both tasks with practice, with the majority of the change for the PD group occurring between 1 and 2 weeks of practice. Although those with PD did not necessarily perform as well as age-matched controls, they learned both sequences in a manner similar to age-matched controls, and exhibited retention across the 3-week retention interval. If people with PD are given sufficient practice they can learn and retain both memory-based and context-driven movement sequences as well as age-matched controls. The results provide support for maintaining physical activity and for intervention through movement therapy. 相似文献
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L B Hinshaw T E Emerson F B Taylor A C Chang M Duerr G T Peer D J Flournoy G L White S D Kosanke C K Murray 《The Journal of trauma》1992,33(4):568-573
A successful experimental treatment for gram-positive sepsis to our knowledge has not been achieved. The objectives of this study were to develop a nonhuman primate model of lethal gram-positive sepsis employing the micro-organism Staphylococcus aureus and to determine the efficacy of treatment using monoclonal antibody (MAb) to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). The antibody was administered intravenously, 15 mg/kg, 30 minutes after the beginning of a 2-hour infusion of S. aureus, 4 x 10(10) colony forming units/kilogram. The baboons infused with S. aureus demonstrated the release of the cytokines TNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but endotoxin was not observed in the plasma at any time. Treatment with antibody to TNF abolished the rise in serum TNF levels and reduced the increased levels of IL-6. Treatment with MAb to TNF prevented multiple organ failure and achieved permanent (> 7 day) survival of all baboons. 相似文献
8.
Power spectral analysis of heart-rate variations improves assessment of diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
F Bellavere I Balzani G De Masi M Carraro P Carenza C Cobelli K Thomaseth 《Diabetes》1992,41(5):633-640
Power spectral analysis (PSA) of heart-rate variations has recently proved a useful tool in evaluating cardiovascular autonomic activity. It offers the possibility of examining both the functioning of parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways through breakdown into two frequency bands, and of their effects on heart-rate cyclic variability. We applied an autoregressive model for PSA to study overall autonomic tone in 20 male age-matched control subjects and 53 insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic subjects, subdivided into three groups of 20, 15, and 18, each group presenting different degrees of autonomic involvement. We found that: 1) power spectrum density (PSD) values at high-frequency bands (parasympathetic dependent) were similar in diabetic subjects without cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and in control subjects, but differed significantly from diabetic subjects with mild CAN and severe CAN, both standing and lying; 2) PSD values at low frequency (mainly sympathetic dependent) were similar, or slightly different, in diabetic subjects without CAN and in control subjects, but differed significantly from diabetic subjects with mild and severe CAN, both standing and lying; 3) as an expression of parasympathetic versus sympathetic coherence, correlations, both standing and lying, existed between PSD values at low- and high-frequency bands in control and diabetic subjects without CAN, but not in diabetic subjects with CAN; and 4) different degrees of correlation characterized the PSD values of high and low frequencies versus traditional cardiovascular test values in the diabetic subjects. The best correlation was between PSD low-frequency values and the lying-to-standing maneuver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
9.
The role of chest radiography in patients presenting with anterior chest pain to the Accident & Emergency Department.
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N J Russell C F Pantin P A Emerson N J Crichton 《Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine》1988,81(11):626-628
The chest radiological findings and outcomes of 120 consecutive patients attending the Accident & Emergency Department with anterior chest pain were recorded prospectively to investigate the value of routine chest radiography in their management. Twenty-one patients (17.5%) were excluded because of incomplete information. Thirty-seven radiological abnormalities were identified in 33 (33%) of the remaining 99 chest X-rays. Seventeen of the abnormalities identified in 14 (14%) of the chest X-rays were clinically significant. The casualty officer's interpretation of 70 (70%) of the chest X-rays was correct, but 36 errors were made interpreting the other 29 chest X-rays. Of these errors, 19 were false negative errors, resulting in the mismanagement of two patients and 17 false positive errors, resulting in the mismanagement of four patients. It appears that a routine chest X-ray provides little information of practical value in the management of patients with anterior chest pain attending an Accident & Emergency Department, unless the training of medical students and junior doctors in the interpretation of chest X-rays is improved. 相似文献
10.
Husaini BA Sherkat DE Levine R Bragg R Van CA Emerson JS Mentes CM 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2002,94(2):100-106
This study examines the effectiveness of breast cancer screening education programs on mammography rates among African-American women 40 years of age and over. We conducted two types of educational programs in community settings, primarily in African-American churches. Three-month follow-up interviews were used to determine whether women who participated in programming were more likely to get a mammogram if they had not had a mammogram in the last year. Our results demonstrate that the educational programs significantly increased the likelihood of getting a mammogram when compared to a control group that received no educational programming. Further, we found that the programs were effective for motivating breast cancer screening in housing projects as well as in the churches, and that the effectiveness of the programs remained even when we controlled for socioeconomic status, depression, and age. 相似文献