肘内侧入路的临床应用解剖及其意义

目的:为肘内侧入路手术避免损伤重要结构提供解剖学基础。方法:选教学用的固定尸体标本24具(男18女6)48侧,按手术入路层次,对肘内侧入路的相关血管神经进行解剖学观测。结果:(1)臂内侧皮神经于臂中部的内侧面浅出,直径为(1.05±0.35)mm;前臂内侧皮神经于臂内侧中下1/3肱二头肌内侧沟伴贵要静脉浅出,直径为(1.50±0.55)mm。(2)尺神经干在肘部发出1~3肘关节支、1~4尺侧腕屈肌支和1~4指深屈肌支。(3)尺侧上副动脉、尺侧下副动脉和尺侧返动脉后支从肱动脉的起点处至尺神经垂直距离分别为(1.65±0.35)cm、(2.43±0.54)cm、(1.86±0.41)cm;与尺神经伴行至内上髁的距离分别为(14.38±1.82)cm、(4.51±1.16)cm、(5.91±0.67)cm。肘部附近尺侧下副动脉和尺侧返动脉后支与尺侧上副动脉在尺神经外膜相吻合。结论:(1)肘内侧入路浅层必须寻找和保护臂内侧皮神经和前臂内侧皮神经;(2)肘内侧入路保护尺神经血供及其肌支是临床手术成败的关键。     

Evaluation of adalimumab biosimilar candidate (HS016) in Chinese patients with active ankylosing spondylitis based on a health survey: sub-analysis of a phase 3 study

Clinical Rheumatology - The equivalence of the biosimilar HS016 to adalimumab (Humira) for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients has been previously validated. The aim was to...     

Rspo1通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调节成骨细胞分化的研究进展

在成骨细胞的分化增殖中,经典Wnt /β-catenin通路起着重要的调节作用;此通路中的任何一个因子都能影响成骨细胞的分化增殖。近几年里,大量研究证明R-脊椎蛋白家族巳成为Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的重要调节因子。本文就Rspo1通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调控影响成骨细胞分化增殖的研究进展作一综述。     

氟西汀对小鼠肝脏Ces1d,Ces1e和CYP3A11抑制作用及机制

目的探讨氟西汀对小鼠肝脏药物代谢酶(Ces1d,Ces1e和CYP3A11)的作用及机制。方法雄性C57BL/6N小鼠分为对照组(CON)、氟西汀低剂量组、氟西汀低剂量组和LPS组,分别腹腔注射等容积生理盐水、氟西汀10、20 mg/kg和LPS 2 mg/kg,连续3 d。提取肝脏组织蛋白,测定酶活性,Western Blot分析药物代谢酶(Ces1d、Ces1e、CYP3A11)、PXR和Stra13的表达。结果氟西汀明显降低小鼠肝脏总水解酶活性以及羧酸酯酶(Ces1 d,Ces1e)的表达(P<0.05、0.01);明显降低小鼠肝脏CYP3A11活性以及氧化酶(CYP3A11)的表达(P<0.05、0.01);氟西汀能浓度依赖性降低调节药物代谢酶的核受体PXR的表达(P<0.05、0.01),同时增加转录因子Stra13的表达(P<0.05、0.01)。结论氟西汀降低药物代谢酶(Ces1d、Ces1e、CYP3A11)的表达及活性可能与其降低PXR表达和增加Stra13表达有关。     

小剂量阿德福韦酯导致低血磷性骨软化症两例并文献总结

目的 分析小剂量阿德福韦酯（ADV）导致低血磷性骨软化症的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法 结合我院诊断的两例服用阿德福韦酯后发生低血磷性骨软化症患者资料和国内外文献,对该症的临床特点、治疗、预后和早期诊断进行总结。结果 服用小剂量阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎导致低血磷性骨软化症患者共12例,男9例,女3例,均来自亚洲人群,年龄在（22~74）岁,服用阿德福韦酯（18~64)个月发现低血磷,血磷波动在（0.37~0.79）mmol/L,血钙正常或偏低,血钾偏低,且均有不同程度的骨质疏松,予补充钙剂、骨化三醇、欧思美等治疗预后良好。结论 小剂量阿德福韦酯所致低血磷性骨软化症临床相对少见,容易漏诊,凡服用阿德福韦酯的患者,无论剂量大小,均应定期检查血肌酐、血钙、血磷及骨密度,以监测是否发生肾损害及低血磷性骨软化症,以期早期诊断,一旦各项指标异常应立即停药,同时可换用其他抗病毒药,如干扰素、恩替卡韦等。     

发热伴右上腹痛诊断为组织胞浆菌病1例

组织胞浆菌病（histoplasmosis，HP）是由荚膜组织胞浆菌（histoplasmacapsulatum，He）引起的一种深部真菌感染，常经呼吸道感染，侵犯肺部引起急慢性损害，严重者可累及全身单核巨噬细胞系统，引起多系统症状，称播散型HP（progressivedisseminatedhistoplasmosis，PDH）。HP主要流行于美洲、非洲、亚洲等地区，欧洲少见。我国在1958年首次报道，后陆续有散在病例报道，以南方省份多见。     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of the impacts on infection and morbidity attributable to three chemotherapy schemes against Schistosoma japonicum in hyperendemic areas of the Dongting Lake region,China

A study was carried out in 8 villages endemic with S. japonicum in Hunan Province, China from 1998 to 2000 to evaluate the cost-effectiveness in preventing schistosome infection and related morbidity under three chemotherapy schemes: (1) 'clue' chemotherapy, consisting of treatment to those with contact with infected water and/or symptoms of infection; (2) 'mass' chemotherapy-treatment to all the villagers except those not able to take praziquantel; and (3) 'screen' chemotherapy-treatment prescribed to the stool egg positive cases after Kato-Katz examination. An itemized cost menu was used to estimate the cost incurred to each scheme, from the perspective of the health care provider. The numbers of cases prevented by chemotherapy schemes were estimated through standardized attributable fractions of the outcomes to absence of chemotherapy before intervention. The cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated using weighted ranks of unit costs of the four outcome measurements: the costs per case with infection, liver and spleen abnormality (as determined by ultrasonography) prevented and 1% reduction in intensity of infection (as estimated by egg per gram feces, EPG) after the two years of intervention. Sensitivity of total cost to changes in the costs of personnel, praziquantel and other key factors were analyzed. It is demonstrated that all the three schemes had a significant impacts on the prevalence and intensity of infection, but the overall effects on liver and spleen morbidity of the residents varied between schemes. Mass chemotherapy achieved the best cost-effectiveness ratio, with unit costs of preventing cases of infection, liver and spleen abnormality and 1% reduction of EPG being RMB yuan 161.2, 99.8, 219.3 and 176.3, respectively. However, clue and screen chemotherapy schemes did not show significant prevention of liver damages in the villagers. The unit costs per case prevented for the outcomes were RMB yuan 140.2, 602.7 and 169.3, respectively for clue chemotherapy, while RMB yuan 190.0, 448.4 and 145.0 respectively for screen chemotherapy. The study concluded that mass chemotherapy should still be the choice of preference in areas where prevalence of infection and frequencies of contact with infested water by residents are high, particularly if the drug cost could be further reduced. Clue chemotherapy could be an alternative to mass chemotherapy, especially when the frequency of water contact is not as high as 80% recorded in our study. Screen chemotherapy is the least favored option in the hyperendemic area of Hunan Province.     

氯硝柳胺与溴乙酰胺复方杀钉螺研究

氯硝柳胺是目前世界卫生组织推荐的唯一灭螺药物[1 ] ,杀螺剂量对人畜几乎无毒 ,没有严重的环境污染问题 ,但其价格昂贵 ,低浓度下钉螺容易上爬 ,对水生生物有严重毒性 ,致使现场灭螺需多次反复使用 ,使成本增加。溴乙酰胺是我国近年来开发的一类有前途的灭螺新药 ,具有杀螺效果较强、对鱼类毒性低、易溶于水、性质稳定且使用方便等优点[2 ] 。为利用两种药物各自的优越之处 ,我们利用氯硝柳胺和溴乙酰胺的特点 ,观察了氯硝柳胺与溴乙酰胺联合使用的实验室杀钉螺及螺卵的效果 ,现将初步结果报告如下。1　材料与方法1 .1　氯硝柳胺、溴乙酰胺…     

兔颈动静脉瘘模型的影像学和病理学变化

目的建立兔颈动静脉瘘模型,观察其影像学和病理学变化,探讨其作为介入治疗模型的可行性。方法 30只新西兰大白兔随机分为三组:(1)对照组10只,解剖分离但不吻合兔左侧颈总动脉和颈外静脉;(2)实验Ⅰ组(2周)与实验Ⅱ组(4周)各10只,用显微技术吻合兔左侧颈总动脉和颈外静脉;对照组于术后4周,两实验组分别于术后2周及4周行数字减影血管造影(DSA)观察后,取颈外静脉做血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的免疫组化染色及HE染色。结果与对照组相比,实验组造影显示颈外静脉扩张、增粗,产生盗血现象;与对照组相比,免疫组化染色显示实验组TGF-β阳性表达显著增多(P<0.01),VEGF阳性表达轻度增多(P>0.05);与对照组相比,HE染色可见实验组颈外静脉内膜显著增厚(P<0.01)。结论显微吻合兔颈总动脉-颈外静脉建立动静脉瘘模型,其影像学和病理学变化符合模拟硬脑膜动静脉瘘介入治疗模型的要求,可用于介入实验研究。     

辛伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的 :观察辛伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛 (UA)患者血管内皮依赖性血管舒张功能 (FMD)的影响。方法 :4 2例UA患者随机分为常规治疗组和辛伐他汀治疗组 ,治疗 8周前后 ,采静脉血用酶法测定甘油三酯和胆固醇的浓度 ;采用高分辨率血管外超声法检测治疗前后肱动脉FMD和内皮非依赖性舒张功能 (NMD)。结果 :辛伐他汀治疗 8周后肱动脉FMD(6 .14± 0 .4 5 ) %较治疗前 (2 .4 5± 0 .2 1) %及常规治疗组 (2 .5 0± 0 .36 ) %均显著改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而肱动脉NMD差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :辛伐他汀具有改善UA患者血管FMD的作用