Series cross-section images of the upper extremity were obtained for four men by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and anatomical cross-sectional areas (ACSA) of elbow flexor muscles [biceps brachii (BIC), brachialis (BRA), brachioradialis (BRD)] and extensor muscles [triceps brachii (TRI)] were measured. Physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) was calculated from the muscle volume and muscle fibre length, the former from the series ACSA and the latter from the muscle length multiplied by previously reported fibre/muscle length ratios. Elbow flexion/extension torque was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer and the force at the tendons was calculated from the torque and moment arms of muscles measured by MRI. Maximal ACSA of TRI was comparable to that of total flexors, while PCSA of TRI was greater by 1.9 times. Within flexors, BRA had the greatest contribution to torque (47%), followed by BIC (34%) and BRD (19%). Specific tension related to the estimated velocity of muscle fibres were similar for elbow flexors and extensors, suggesting that the capacity of tension development is analogous between two muscle groups. 相似文献
BackgroundsExostosin-1 (EXT1) and exostosin-2 (EXT2) cause multiple osteochondromas (MO). In this study, we investigated the correlation between forearm deformity and mutant EXTs in Japanese families with MO.MethodsWe evaluated 112 patients in 71 families with MO. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes. Of these, 28 patients were selected and underwent radiography for their forearms since they had gross forearm deformities. We measured the radial articular angle (RAA), ulna variance (UV), carpal slip (CS), and percentage of radial bowing (%RB) to compare between patients with mutant EXT1 or EXT2 and those with missense or other mutations using Student's t-test.ResultsTwenty-two (78.6%) and 6 (11.4%) out of 28 patients had mutations in EXT1 and EXT2, respectively. Nine (32.1%) and 19 (67.9%) of the 28 patients had missense and other mutations, respectively. The mean age of patients with EXT1 and EXT2 were 25.9 ± 20.3 and 33.5 ± 25.4 years, respectively and those with missense mutation and other mutations were 28.7 ± 27.0 and 24.6 ± 17.0 years, respectively. There were no significant differences in RAA, UV, and RB between patients harbouring mutant EXT1 or EXT2 (RAA, 40.1 ± 8.7 and 31.5 ± 13.9°; UV, ?2.7 ± 5.7 and ?3.1 ± 3.7 mm; %RB, 8.6 ± 1.5 and 8.3 ± 2.0%). CS was significantly greater in patients with mutant EXT1 than that in those with mutant EXT2 (EXT1, 44.1 ± 16.8%; EXT2, 18.6 ± 14.0%). There were no significant differences in RAA, UV, CS and %RB between patients with missense and other mutations.ConclusionsPatients with mutant EXT1 displayed greater CS than patients with mutant EXT2, indicating that patients with MO harbouring EXT1 mutations sustain more severe ulnar drift deformities than those with EXT2 mutations. 相似文献
Plastics are extensively used as a material for orthoses. However, one remaining problem is the ventilation of the orthosis. This is a real problem in countries such as Japan, where it is hot and humid especially in summer. The authors have invented a new orthosis "POROPLAST", which is made of mesh plastic sheets, combined in a cross-like weave. These orthoses provide good ventilation and are very comfortable to wear. They have been fitted to seventy-four cases with satisfactory results. 相似文献
Secondary carcinogenesis within the irradiation range is one of the most severe problems in cancer survivors. A 60-year-old woman developed hypopharyngeal carcinoma, and she received radical surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Eight years later, brown pigmentation and induration were observed in the left subaural region. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed malignancy and the parotid tumor was diagnosed as recurrence of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical parotidectomy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was angiosarcoma, which was most likely induced by past irradiation. About two months after surgery, lung metastases were detected. Docetaxel did not affect to lung metastases, but paclitaxel therapy was partially effective. The lung tumors increased in size, and brain metastases developed, resulting in death. Both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery played important roles in the local disease control. Administration of newer agents as adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent should also be considered for improving the prognosis. 相似文献
Background Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a gut microbe implicated in gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. Predicting the chemotherapeutic response is critical to developing personalised therapeutic strategies for oesophageal cancer patients. The present study investigated the relationship between F. nucleatum and chemotherapeutic resistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods We examined the relationship between F. nucleatum and chemotherapy response in 120 ESCC resected specimens and 30 pre-treatment biopsy specimens. In vitro studies using ESCC cell lines and co-culture assays further uncovered the mechanism underlying chemotherapeutic resistance.Results ESCC patients with F. nucleatum infection displayed lesser chemotherapeutic response. The infiltration and subsistence of F. nucleatum in the ESCC cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. We also observed that F. nucleatum modulates the endogenous LC3 and ATG7 expression, as well as autophagosome formation to induce chemoresistance against 5-FU, CDDP, and Docetaxel. ATG7 knockdown resulted in reversal of F. nucleatum-induced chemoresistance. In addition, immunohistochemical studies confirmed the correlation between F. nucleatum infection and ATG7 expression in 284 ESCC specimens.Conclusions F. nucleatum confers chemoresistance to ESCC cells by modulating autophagy. These findings suggest that targeting F. nucleatum, during chemotherapy, could result in variable therapeutic outcomes for ESCC patients.Subject terms: Tumour biomarkers, Oesophageal cancer相似文献
A newly established catalyst system for oxygen‐oxidative polymerization of diphenyl disulfide is reported. Combination of vanadyl compounds (e.g., VO(acac)2) and triphenylmethylium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (TrB(C6F5)4) proceeds the polymerization to give poly(1,4‐phenylene sulfide) (PPS) at 100 °C. When triphenylmethylium tetrafluoroborate (TrBF4) is applied with vanadyl tetraphenylporphyrin (VO(TPP)) or N,N′‐(ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato))oxovanadium (VO(salen)), PPS is also given via polymerization under conditions near 160 °C. Combination of the vanadyl complex and the borate affords the first protic‐acid‐free catalytic system for the polymerization of the disulfide, suggesting the overall reaction to produce PPS and H2O from O2 and protons that are eliminated from the monomer.
Schwarz and Benditt found clustering of replicating cells in aortic endothelium in 1976 and discussed how homeostasis of the arterial wall is maintained through this nonrandom distribution of replicating cells. However, it is still unclear how cells of vascular walls turnover. In order to address this issue, we evaluated distribution of the cells in mitotic cycle, labeled by Ki67‐immunostaining, in serial histological sections of twelve carotid arteries of six adult male Japanese rabbits. As a result, a total of 1713 Ki67‐positive endothelial cells (ECs) and 1247 Ki67‐positive smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were identified. The Ki67‐positivity rate in ECs and SMCs were about 0.048% and 0.0027%, respectively. Many of the Ki67‐positive cells clustered in two (EC, 37%; SMC, 33%), three to four (EC, 8%; SMC, 28%), and five to eight cells (EC, 5%; SMC, 10%). Clusters having more than eight cells were not found. Thus, it can be speculated that the cell division of proliferating ECs and SMCs occur four times at most. These novel findings offer great insights for better understanding of the mechanism that underlies cell number regulation of the blood vessel. 相似文献