Effects of electroacupuncture on gastric mucosal blood flow and transmucosal potential difference in stress rats

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再灌注损伤救援激酶信号转导通路在后处理抗再灌注心肌凋亡中的作用

目的:目前对后处理保护机制的研究还较孤立,缺乏上下游调节机制的联系.通过建立在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型,探讨后处理在整体实验下的抗凋亡效应,以及这种心肌保护作用是否通过再灌注损伤救援激酶(reperfusion injury salvage kinase,RISK)信号转导通路来实现.方法:实验于2006-07/2007-05在首都医科大学病理生理学教研室完成.健康成年雄性SD大鼠32只,均分至以下4组:①心肌缺血再灌注组:结扎冠状动脉左前降支(缺血)45 min,再灌注4 h.②后处理组:在再灌注前,给予10s再灌、10s缺血,连续3个循环.③PI3K抑制剂组:在再灌注前5min经颈静脉注射磷脂酰激醇3激酶(PI3K)抑制剂LY-294002(0.3 mg/kg),余同③组.④MAPKK抑制剂组:在再灌注前5 min经颈静脉注射丝裂原激活蛋白激酶激酶(MAPKK)抑制剂PD 98059(0.3 mg/kg),余同②组.再灌注结束后取左室缺血区,使用Western blotting法检测各组心肌组织中凋亡指标Bax,Bcl-2,Caspase-3表达量变化及RISK通路中Akt,P-ERK 1/2及eNOS表达量变化.结果:32只大鼠均进入结果分析.与心肌缺血再灌注组相比,后处理组心肌凋亡显著减轻,Akt、P-ERK 1/2及eNOS含量显著升高;PI3K抑制剂组心肌凋亡较后处理组严重,Akt、eNOS含量降低;MAPKK抑制剂组心肌凋亡较后处理组严重,ERK 1/2含量降低.结论:后处理对再灌注心肌存在明显的抗凋亡作用,该作用可能与RISK信号转导通路的激活有关.     

锻炼心理学中动机理论：自我决定理论的新进展

目的:对锻炼心理学中的自我决定理论进行简要概述与分析。资料来源:检索中国期刊网、EBSCO和UMI资料库1997-01/2006-10有关自我决定理论的文献,检索词(限制为标题)为“self-determination theory,sport and exercise”,限定语言种类为英文。资料选择:对所获得的文献进行仔细研读,从中选择有关自我决定理论在锻炼心理学中实证研究的文章,排除重复研究类文章。资料提炼:在53篇文献中,删除7篇内容重复的文献;对46篇文献进行分类整理,其中30篇选为参考文献。资料综合:自我决定论是新近发展起来的一种认知动机理论,代表着当下动机理论研究的趋向。它把人类的动机看成是一个从外在调节到内在动机之间的动态的连续体,并依据自主的程度对动机的类型进行了详细的划分,同时从满足人们基本心理需要的角度对促进外在动机内化的条件进行了探讨。结论:自我决定理论还有许多待以完善的地方,关于自我决定理论的一些假设还有待于进一步的验证。     

Transgenerational effects of fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine

A wide variety of in utero insults are associated with an increased incidence of metabolic disorders in the offspring and in subsequent generations. We have shown that fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine results in endocrine and metabolic changes in the offspring that are consistent with those observed in type 2 diabetes. This study examines whether fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine has transgenerational effects in the F2 offspring. Female Wistar rats were given either saline or nicotine (1 mg/kg/d) during pregnancy and lactation to create saline- and nicotine-exposed female F1 progeny. These F1 females were then bred to produce F2 offspring. We examined glucose homeostasis, serum lipids and fat pad weights, mitochondrial enzyme activity in skeletal muscle and blood pressure in these F2 offspring between 13 and 15 weeks of age. Offspring of nicotine- versus saline-exposed mothers had elevated fasting serum insulin concentrations and an enhanced total insulin response to the glucose challenge. This apparent insulin resistance was unrelated to changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume or activity. The offspring of nicotine-exposed mothers also had elevated blood pressure. These data demonstrate that adverse effects of fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine can influence aspects of metabolic risk in subsequent generations.     

用二维核磁共振技术研究野菊花三醇的结构

从野菊花(Chrysanthemum indicum L.)亲脂性极性较大的部分,分离得到一个新的倍半萜成分,命名为野菊花三醇。通过¹H-¹H COSY,¹H-¹³C COSY及远程¹H-¹³C COSY二维核磁共振谱研究,确定其属于(牛龙)牛儿烷衍生物,并确定其结构和相对立体构型。     

Protective effect of YHI and HHII against experimental acute pancreatitis in rabbits

AIM: To observe the protective effect of combined i.v. administraction of Yuanhu injection (YHI) and Huoxuehuayu injection-I (HHI-I) against acute pancreatitis (AP) in rabbits.METHODS: Sever acute pancreatitis (SAP) was induced by retrograde infusion of artificial bile juice into biliary-pancreatic duct, and treated with YHI and HHI-I intravenously. The protective effect was judged by the survival time and rate, serum amylase, serum interleukin-6, pancreatic microcirculation and pathological alteration.RESULTS: Combined use of YHI and HHI-I could markedly increase the rabbits’ 5-d survival rate after AP (83.3% in the treatment group and 33.3% in control). The serum amylase value (x^- ± s) decreased to 1596.6 U/L ± 760.50 U/L in the 5th day from the high level (6320.83 U/L ± 2614.12 U/L) in the 1st day after AP in the treatment group, while in the control group the amylase activity in the 5th day was 2095.0 U/L ± 1081.87 U/L, being significantly different from that before AP (837.17 U/L ± 189.12 U/L). YHI and HHI-I also obviously improved the pancreatic microcirculation and lowered the serum interleukin-6 level, one of the indices of severe pancreatitis. Pathological examination indicated all the changes typical for AP in YHI and HHI-I treatment group were milder than those in the control.CONCLUSION: YHI and HHI-I used in combination might have protective effect against acute pancreatitis in rabbits.     

羽叶三七叶中甙类成分的研究

从羽叶三七叶中分离到十三种甙类成分,经FAB-MS,¹³CNMR谱,双照射¹HN-MR谱,¹H-¹H COSY谱及与标准品直接对照,证明十一种为已知化合物,分别为人参皂甙F₁(Ⅰ),F₂(Ⅱ),F₃(Ⅲ),R_g2(Ⅳ),R_a(Ⅴ),R_d(Ⅵ),R_b1(Ⅷ),R_b3(Ⅷ),24(S)-假人参甙F₁₁(Ⅸ),人参黄酮(Ⅹ)和珠子参甙F₁(Ⅺ);另外两种为新的达玛烷型皂甙,命名为羽叶三七甙F₁(Ⅻ)和F₂(ⅫⅠ),并确定其化学结构。同时修正珠子参甙F₃的结构。进一步阐明人参黄酮甙结构中的两个糖的连接方式。     

大花紫玉盘中的新抗肿瘤活性番荔枝内酯及其绝对构型研究

从番荔枝科紫玉盘属植物大花紫玉盘(Uvaria grandiflora Roxb.)根茎中分得两种新的抗肿瘤活性番荔枝内酯(1和3),用X-ray衍射分析和Mosher方法对1的绝对构型进行了研究,全部6个手性碳的构型分别是15S,17R,18R,21R,22R,36S。命名为大花紫玉盘素(uvarigrin)。用Mosher方法对3的绝对构型也进行了测定,命名为大花紫玉盘素A(uvarigrandin A)。对以前得到的大花紫玉盘脂素(uvarigranin,2)的相对构型进行了修正。     

HPLC定量分析制剂中雷公藤氯内酯醇含量

雷公藤氯内酯醇(T_4)是从雷公藤中分离得到的一个新化合物,但含量很低,因此进行了以雷公藤内酯醇(To)为原料合成T_4的研究。T_4具有较强的免疫抑制活性,且毒性低于雷公藤内酯醇,有希望开发成新药在临床应用。为了控制T_4制剂的质量,本文系统地研究了反相高效液相色谱法分离和测定T_4的条件,结果以甲醇-水(1:1)作流动相,能满意地分离和测定T_4的含量,最小检测量为10 ng,采用内标法定量,方法快速、准确。     

升麻酰胺及其类似物的合成

升麻酰胺是从兴安升麻(Cimicifuga dahurica)根茎中分到的新天然产物,本文经7步反应完成了该化合物的全合成,总收率为31%,三氟乙酰氧基用作C-1的离去基团,其结构经光谱分析和元素分析证实与天然物相一致。此外,还报道其7个类似物的合成及初步的抗肿瘤活性实验结果。