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1.
Mithun Sattur Clayton Korson Fraser Henderson Stephen Kalhorn 《The American journal of emergency medicine》2019,37(5):1005.e1-1005.e2
Occipital spur is an abnormal bony outgrowth of the external occipital protuberance (EOP). We describe an interesting and previously unreported case of fracture of an occipital spur following trauma. Our 20-year-old male patient was treated in the emergency department (ED) and discharged home without complication. Neurosurgical consultation was obtained but is not requisite for these injuries. Greater awareness of this unique presentation may help to expedite future emergency department treatment. 相似文献
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T. Dean† C. Venter† B. Pereira J. Grundy C. B. Clayton & B. Higgins† 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》2007,20(2):95-99
BACKGROUND: In 1998, the UK government issued precautionary advice that pregnant or breast-feeding women with a family history of atopy, may wish to avoid eating peanuts during pregnancy and lactation. This study aimed to assess the compliance with this recommendation and investigate its impact upon peanut sensitization. METHODS: A total of 858 children born immediately after the advice were followed for 2 years and assessed for peanut sensitization. A standardized questionnaire was used to ascertain history of atopy and maternal exposure to peanuts during pregnancy. Following parental consent children were skin prick tested to assess sensitization to peanuts. RESULTS: Sixty-five per cent of mothers had avoided peanuts during pregnancy. Forty-two per cent of the mothers had heard about the government advice, and half modified their diet as a consequence. Neither maternal nor family history of atopy had any significant effect on peanut consumption. Parity did play a role, and mothers having their first child were twice as likely to change their diet (P<0.001). Mothers of 77% of the children sensitized to peanuts had avoided peanuts during pregnancy. In this cohort study maternal consumption of peanut during pregnancy was not associated with peanut sensitization in the infant. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of mothers in this cohort avoided peanut consumption during pregnancy. It is likely that either the government advice is misunderstood by mothers, or that those who communicate the advice have not fully explained who it is targeted at. 相似文献
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Aging of human red cells (RBC) appears to occur as a function of the age of the subject and time which is spent by the erythrocyte
in the circulation. In SCA, there is a decrease in the time RBCs circulate. The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine
can alter the electrokinetic properties of red cells. As red cells age, there is a decrease in the surface charge and altered
deformability. To assess the effect of time in the circulation on RBC polyamine content of control subjects, we analyzed levels
of density fractionated cells of ten healthy donors (HbAA) and compared to levels of four SCA patients (HbSS), ages 26 to
38. Perchloric acid extracts of erythrocyte stroma were analyzed by amino acid analysis using O-phthaldehyde fluorescent detection.
At age 50–60 in normal subjects there is an accelerated loss of both spermidine and spermine in the dense cells relative to
reticulocytes. This may be related to loss of surface area of the erythrocyte. In the four SCA patients, the spermidine and
spermine ratios were similar to that of young normals of the same age group. It is considered that a large fraction of the
total polyamines is firmly bound to spectrin. Polyamines may exert a regulatory role in the RBC stroma. 相似文献
9.
J F Clayton C Lonjou P Bourret A Cambon-Thomsen E Ohayon J Hors E D Albert 《European journal of immunogenetics》1992,19(5):311-322
A likelihood approach to HLA serology has been developed in which the aim is not to define a recognition set for a serum but to describe the serum's ability to react with each and every antigen in the test cells, this ability being quantified in terms of the probability of a positive reaction. For a given set of probabilities, one for each antigen, it is possible to derive the probability of the observed set of reactions (the likelihood of the set of probabilities). The maximum possible value of the likelihood for any possible combination of the probability set can then be sought, but this requires a maximization of likelihood with respect to 60-100 independent parameters. Theoretical considerations of the shape of the likelihood surface prove that, in this particular case, this is a feasible proposition. This approach allows the recognition of three groups of antigens: those for which there is considerable evidence of a specificity, those for which there is either no specificity or a very weak specificity, and those for which there is insufficient evidence on which to base a conclusion. The existence of a specificity can be tested using a log likelihood ratio as a statistic, but the usual assumption of a chi 2 distribution of this statistic cannot automatically be made in this situation. Therefore, the distribution is estimated by simulation. A serologist using this approach would receive considerably more information as to the serum's reaction patterns and valid statistics for the existence, or not, of a specificity. 相似文献
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