表皮生长因子受体家族与肺部疾病的研究进展

表皮生长因子受体家族是一类重要的受体型酪氨酸激酶,在细胞增殖、分化的信号转导通路中起着关键作用。近年来其在肺部疾病发病机制中的作用越来越受到重视,本文主要就表皮生长因子受体家族与肺部疾病(肺癌、支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病)关系的研究进展作一综述,旨在探讨以上三种常见肺部疾病的发病机制及为其临床治疗提供新的理论依据。     

再次显微输卵管复通术17例报道

对17例人工绝育后曾行输卵管复通手术失败病例,进行再次显微输卵管复通手术,经随访二年以上,宫内妊娠率41.18%(7/17)。手术后成功率与输卵管吻合部位有关,峡部与壶腹部吻合效果最差。作者指出再次显微输卵管吻合手术对由于原吻合部位闭锁病例有一定的价值。但需慎重考虑如何提高初次吻合术质量、防止术后粘连是十分重要。     

狂犬疫苗免疫后早期血清学抗体结果分析

目的观察接种狂犬病疫苗人群不同时期抗体产生情况，探讨最佳检测时间。方法用ELISA法检测人用狂犬病纯化疫苗接种者血清狂犬病毒抗体。结果对完成全程免疫后第7d、第14d和第30d的血清进行检测，第7d和第14d检出的抗体阳性率无显著性差异。结论现行国产狂犬疫苗的保护性不断提高，早期检测抗体对及时发现免疫失败者、降低发病率有着重要的意义。     

The effects of literacy and education on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of semantic verbal fluency.

Semantic verbal fluency tasks are commonly used in neuropsychological assessment. Investigations of the influence of level of literacy have not yielded consistent results in the literature. This prompted us to investigate the ecological relevance of task specifics, in particular, the choice of semantic criteria used. Two groups of literate and illiterate subjects were compared on two verbal fluency tasks using different semantic criteria. The performance on a food criterion (supermarket fluency task), considered more ecologically relevant for the two literacy groups, and an animal criterion (animal fluency task) were compared. The data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative measures. The quantitative analysis indicated that the two literacy groups performed equally well on the supermarket fluency task. In contrast, results differed significantly during the animal fluency task. The qualitative analyses indicated differences between groups related to the strategies used, especially with respect to the animal fluency task. The overall results suggest that there is not a substantial difference between literate and illiterate subjects related to the fundamental workings of semantic memory. However, there is indication that the content of semantic memory reflects differences in shared cultural background--in other words, formal education--, as indicated by the significant interaction between level of literacy and semantic criterion.     

PNH者患红细胞膜结构损伤及膜脂与膜蛋白关系的探索

本文分析了20例PNH患者红细胞膜总脂,Ch/PIM比及磷脂组分,并比较了10例PNH红细胞膜AChE在PBS系统和生理盐水中的酶活性。发现PNH红细胞膜脂缺失严重,比正常少22％,但Ch/PIM比值及各磷脂相对含量均无明显改变。在PBS中AChE活性接近正常红细胞,但在生理盐水中明显低于正常红细胞,仅为正常的40％。表明PNH红细胞对补体敏感而溶血可能是由于补体导致膜脂缺失,进而破坏了红细胞膜结构的完整性而引起的,这也是AChE活性在低pH环境中酶活性比正常红细胞低的原因。     

膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变

目的探讨膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变及意义。方法BOO组病人16例,筛选条件为入院诊断良性前列腺增生症(BPH)并经尿动力学压力-流率检查证实为高压低流型;对照组5例,为外伤等情况入院并排除有下尿路梗阻病史者。BOO组所有病例均行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术,术前B超检查测定膀胱重量和前列腺内外径比值,术中切取膀胱上壁组织2cm×1cm×1cm大小,标本行RT-PCR反应,检测膀胱逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达,并比较其与膀胱重量间的线性相关性。结果BOO组与对照组膀胱重量分别为(92.15±34.89)g和(56.08±20.35)g,(P<0.05);前列腺内外径比值分别为(0.57±0.16)和(0.18±0.06),(P<0.01);与对照组相比,BOO组肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达量均有显著增加,分别为(40.32±59.67)×106和(6.59±5.62)×106,(P值均<0.01);且两者表达量与膀胱重量之间均有明显线性正相关性(P<0.05)。结论逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的表达与膀胱逼尿肌的功能状态密切相关。     

Users' awareness of factors associated with complications during pill use

This study compared the frequency of factors and diseases that contribute to the risks of oral contraceptive use among current users and non-users of oral contraception in order to evaluate the users' awareness of factors associated with complications during oral contraceptive use. Data from 5317 current users and 8863 non-users in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were collected using questionnaires requesting information on the following variables: use of oral contraceptives, age, weight, smoking status, and the presence or history of hypertension, diabetes, cardiopathies, painful varicose veins, and epilepsy. Half of the users had some risk factors, and 17.4% were at high risk of complications from oral contraceptive use. Risk factors and diseases which appeared to be poorly known by the population as increasing the risk of oral contraceptive use were smoking, hypertension and painful varicose veins. Only a small percentage of the population appeared to know that these diseases and factors could increase the risk of health problems during oral contraceptive use. The results suggest a lack of information among users and providers on factors which are associated with an increased risk of health problems during use of oral contraceptives.

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Resumen Este estudio comparó la frecuencia de factores y enfermedades que contribuyen al riesgo de los anticonceptivos orales (AO) entre usuarias y no usuarias corrientes de anticonceptivos orales a fin de evaluar el grado de conocimiento entre las usuarias de los factores asociados con complicaciones durante el uso de AO. Se recopilaron datos de 5317 usuarias y 8863 no usuarias corrientes del Estado de S@o Paulo, Brasil, utilizando cuestionarios en los que se solicitabe información acerca de las siguientes variables: uso de AO, edad, peso, fumadora/no fumadora y la presencia o historia de hipertensión, diabetes, cardiopatías, várices dolorosas y epilepsia. La mitad de las usuarias tenían algunos factores de riesgo y el 17,4% de ellas corrían un alto riesgo de complicaciones por el uso de anticonceptivos orales. Los factores de riesgo y enfermedades que parecían ser poco conocidos por la población como tendientes a aumentar el riesgo del uso de anticonceptivos orales eran el fumar, la hipertensión y las várices dolorosas. Sólo un pequeño porcentaje de la población parecía saber que estas enfermedades y factores podían aumentar el riesgo de problemas de salud durante el uso de anticonceptivos orales. Los resultados sugieren una falta de información de las usuarias y proveedores con respecto a factores que están asociados con un riesgo mayor de problemas de salud durante el uso de anticonceptivos orales.

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Resumé Pour évaluer dans quelle mesure les utilisatrices et non utilisatrices de contraceptifs oraux sont sensibilisées aux facteurs associés à des complications, cette étude a comparé la fréquence des facteurs et des maladies qui contribuent au risque que présente l'utilisation de ces contraceptifs. Dans l'Etat de Sao Paulo (Brésil), des données ont été recueillies auprès de 5317 utilisatrices et 8863 non utilisatrices, au moyen de questionnaires demandant des renseignements concernant les variables suivantes: utilisation de contraceptifs oraux, âge, poids, tabagisme, présence ou antécédents d'hypertension, diabète, cardiopathies, varices douloureuses et épilepsie. La moitié des utilisatrices présentaient certains facteurs de risque et 17,4% des facteurs de risque élevé de complications résultant de l'utilisation de contraceptifs oraux. Les facteurs de risque et les maladies dont la population semblait mal connaître l'effet d'augmentation des risques qu'entrîne l'ingestion de contraceptifs oraux étaient le tabagisme, l'hypertension et les varices douloureuses. Un faible pourcentage seulement de la population paraissait savoir que ces maladies et facteurs pouvaient accroître les risques de problèmes de santé durant l'utilisation des contraceptifs oraux. Les résultats suggèrent que les utilisatrices et les pourvoyeurs des services de contraception ne sont pas suffisamment informés des facteurs associés à un risque accru de problèmes de santé durant l'utilisation des contraceptifs oraux.

     

Functional shifts in the respiratory and circulatory systems of bronchial asthma patients during exertion

A total of 56 patients aged 40-59 were examined for bronchial asthma of infectious-allergic etiology and moderate severity. Exercise-related bronchospasm (EB) was detected in 46 of them. Exercise tolerance was studied using bicycle ergometry, ventilometric changes with threshold exercise test and central hemodynamics was assessed in response to standard exercise with chest tetrapolar rheography. BE was associated with an additional decrease in the working capacity of patients with bronchial asthma with moderately expressed ventilation disturbances at rest. These patients were also demonstrated to have hypoergic-nature response of central hemodynamics to a standard motor test. BE-free patients with the same degree of ventilation disturbances exhibited the response close to normoergic. The evidence suggests the involvement of the hemodynamic mechanisms in the formation of an exercise tolerance threshold in bronchial asthma complicated by BE.     

Family-based association study of neuregulin-1 gene and psychosis in a Spanish sample.

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is one of the most exciting candidate genes for schizophrenia since its first association with the disorder in an Icelandic population. Since then, many studies have analyzed allele and haplotype frequencies in European and Asian populations in cases and controls yielding varying results. We investigated the association of NRG1 with psychosis in a total sample set of 575 individuals from 151 Spanish nuclear families. We tested eight SNPs across 1.2 Mb along NRG1 including regions previously associated to schizophrenia in association studies. After correction for multiple testing, the TDT analysis for each marker did not show a significant over-transmission of alleles from the parents to the affected offspring for any of the markers (P > 0.05). The haplotypic analysis with TRANSMIT and PDT did not show preferential transmission for any of the haplotypes analyzed in our sample. These results do not seem to suggest that the investigated NRG1 markers play a role in schizophrenia in the Spanish population, although the finding of a trend for association with one SNP in the 3'of the gene warrants further investigation.