不同屈光度近视青少年儿童黄斑区血管密度和视网膜厚度的比较

目的:通过光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(OCTA)观察与比较不同屈光度近视青少年儿童黄斑区血管密度和视网膜厚度的变化,并探讨其相关性。方法:前瞻性横断面研究。纳入6~18岁青少年儿童115例230眼。根据等效球镜度数(SE)分为4组:正视组16例32眼,低度近视组47例94眼,中度近视组34例68眼,高度近视组18例36眼。RTVueXR扫描黄斑区6mm×6mm范围,系统自动分区,分为以黄斑中心小凹为中心,直径分别为1mm的中心凹(fovea)环、1~3mm的内环(parafovea)、3~6mm的外环(perifovea),且每个圆环被进一步划分为颞(T)、上(S)、鼻(N)、下(I)4个象限,定量分析各分区浅层、深层毛细血管密度和视网膜厚度。结果:正视、低度、中度和高度近视组黄斑区整体浅层毛细血管密度依次显著减低,分别为(44.4±3.5)%、(44.8±3.8)%、(44.3±3.8)%、(42.6±4.5)%(F=2.963,P=0.033),内环颞侧浅层毛细血管密度分别为(46.1±3.5)%、(46.8±5.1)%、(46.2±4.3)%、(43.8±5.5)%(F=3.436,P=0.018);四组黄斑区整体深层毛细血管密度随着近视度数增加亦显著降低,分别为(49.9±4.1)%、(48.4±4.7)%、(47.9±5.5)%、(45.3±4.7)%(F=4.806,P=0.003),外环深层毛细血管密度分别为(49±4.4)%、(47.2±5.2)%、(46.6±6)%、(43.6±5.1)%(F=5.495,P=0.001)。四组黄斑区整体视网膜厚度分别为293.9±12.9、295.5±13.0、290.9±12.0、284.5±10.7μm(F=6.606,P<0.001)。内环颞侧、鼻侧浅层毛细血管密度与SE呈正相关(r=0.221、0.219,P=0.001、0.001),外环颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方深层毛细血管密度与SE呈正相关(r=0.172、0.200、0.250、0.296,P=0.011、0.003、<0.001、<0.001);黄斑区除中心凹外其余区域视网膜厚度与SE均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:随着青少年儿童近视度数的增加,黄斑区浅层毛细血管密度降低,以内环颞侧为甚;深层毛细血管密度降低,以外环范围内为甚;视网膜厚度降低,以内环和外环范围为甚。青少年儿童近视随着屈光度增加,会导致黄斑区结构和血流循环的变化,在高度近视眼中改变尤为显著。     

Potential role of the compound Eucommia bone tonic granules in patients with osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis: A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a major source of pain,disability,and socioeconomic cost worldwide.Osteonecrosis is a disabling disorder that frequently occurs in the younger population aged from 20-50 years.The compound Eucommia bone tonic granules,a traditional Chinese medicine,can alleviate the damage of osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis.AIM To investigate the potential role of the compound Eucommia bone tonic granules(Eucommia)in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis.METHODS One-hundred forty osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis cases admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 were selected.Patients were divided into two groups:Eucommia-meloxicam group and meloxicam group.Clinical efficacy and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index(WOMAC)score were evaluated according to the evaluation criteria of orthopedic diseases.The levels of bone-GLA protein,interleukin-17,recombinant human S100 calcium binding protein A12,sphingosine 1-phosphate,cystatin C,creatinine,and hemoglobin in peripheral blood were determined.RESULTS The total effective rate in the two osteoarthritis groups was not different,but the total effective rate in the two osteonecrosis groups was significantly different.The overall efficacy of Eucommia-meloxicam group was superior to that of the meloxicam group.WOMAC showed that pain,stiffness,and dysfunction in the two groups of osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis before and after treatment were significantly different.The concentration of recombinant human S100 calcium binding protein A12,sphingosine 1-phosphate,cystatin C,creatinine,and hemoglobin before and after treatment in the Eucommia-meloxicam group and meloxicam group of osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis were significantly different,and the two treatment groups were significantly different from each other for osteoarthritis.CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that Eucommia can effectively enhance the curative effect of meloxicam,and the combination of Eucommia and meloxicam is superior to meloxicam alone.     

毛冬青药材的指纹图谱

目的:研究毛冬青药材的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其内在质量提供可靠方法.方法:毛冬青药材指纹图谱HPLC-UV分析条件如下:Lichrospher C18(250 nun×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱:流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱,检测波长为210 nm.结果:不同来源的9个毛冬青样品与对照药材相比.除3个样品具有相似的指纹图谱外,其余样品的指纹图谱差异较大.对照药材显示16个主要色谱峰,通过对各色谱峰的紫外光谱数据分析并与对照品比较:4、6.7、10.12,13、14、16号峰分别鉴定为丁香脂素.4,4'-O-β-D-双葡萄苷(liriodendin)、广玉兰赖宁苷C(magnolenin C)、无梗五加苷B(acanthoside B)、冬青苷O(ilexoside O),毛冬青皂苷B2(ilexsaponin B2)、毛冬青皂苷A1(ilexsaponin A1)、毛冬青皂苷B1(ilexsaponin B1)和冬青素A(ilexgenin A).根据色谱峰的紫外吸收光谱特征,可将毛冬青药材的指纹图谱分为2个区域:第一个区域的保留时间为5～35 min,共9个主要色谱峰,主要为木脂素类成分;保留时间在35-80 min的色谱峰为第2区,共7个主要峰,多为皂苷类类成分.结论:所建立的液相色谱指纹图谱特征性和专属性强,可作为毛冬青药材内在质量控制的有效方法.     

Comprehensive overview of human serum albumin glycation in diabetes mellitus

The presence of excess glucose in blood is regarded as a sweet hurt for patients with diabetes. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in human plasma, which undergoes severe non-enzymatic glycation with glucose in patients with diabetes; this modifies the structure and function of HSA. Furthermore, the advanced glycation end products produced by glycated HSA can cause pathological damage to the human body through various signaling pathways, eventually leading to complications of diabetes. Many potential glycation sites on HSA have different degrees of sensitivity to glucose concentration. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the in vivo glycation sites of HSA; it also discusses the effects of glycation on the structure and function of HSA. Moreover, it addresses the relationship between HSA glycation and diabetes complications. Finally, it focuses on the value of non-enzymatic glycation of HSA in diabetes-related clinical applications.     

大鼠血浆中冬青素A的LC-MS测定法及其药动学研究(英文)

冬青素A系中药毛冬青的主要成分之一, 本文建立了液相色谱质谱法(LC-MS)研究冬青素A在大鼠体内的药动学特征。色谱分离采用C18柱, 甲醇-5 mM 醋酸铵(80:20, v/v) 为流动相质谱检测采用ESI源, 负离子检测, 冬青素A的检测离子为m/z 501.1→501.1,地高辛(内标) 的检测离子为m/z779.4→779.4。大鼠血浆加入磷酸溶液以乙酸乙酯提取, 分取有机层以氮气流吹干, 流动相复溶后进行LC-MS分析。方法学评价表明该法定量限为1.05 ng/mL, 在1.05-525.5 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好。日内和日间变异均小于10%, 提取回收率大于80%。采用建立的LC-MS法进行了大鼠单剂量口服冬青素A后, 其在大鼠体内的药动学研究, 获得了主要的药动学参数。     

Unusual adsorption behaviours and responsive structural dynamics via selective gate effects of an hourglass porous metal–organic framework

An hourglass porous metal–organic framework, LIFM-12, constructed on a T-shaped flexible ligand with Cu²⁺ paddle-wheel clusters, shows temperature and gas adsorption responsive structural dynamics upon reversible molecular guest binding. Temperature-dependent single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction experiments show that the open gate status of the framework with adaptive behaviours facilitates kinetic diffusion of gas molecules resulting in the sequential filling of pores of different sizes, thus creating a breathing behaviour reminiscent of the observation of several steps in adsorption isotherms. In addition, adsorption studies revealed that LIFM-12 performs exceptional adsorption selectivity of 10–25 for CO₂versus light gases N₂, CH₄, and CO and up to 200 for C₃H₆versus CH₄.

A Cu²⁺ based metal–organic framework exhibits dynamic behaviour upon guest inclusion/release process, and performing stepwise sorption isotherms for various gas. We elucidate detailed mechanisms under its exceptional sorption behavior.     

大、中学生下颌阻生智齿发病特点临床分析

目的探讨大、中学生下颌阻生智齿的发病特点。 方法对来院就诊的300例大、中学生下颔阻生智齿或伴有并发症的相关临床资料进行总结分析。 结果本组300例患者中，男生124例（41．3％），女生176例（58．7％）；男性平均年龄21．9yr，女生平均20．1yr。300例患者共发现阻生智齿346枚（有46例为双侧同时萌出智齿）。其中以近中智齿最多（214枚，占61．8％），其次为远中、颊向智齿（分别为45枚和32枚，占13．0％和9．2％）。并发智齿冠周炎172例，邻牙病变47例。拔除阻生智齿92枚（26．6％）。 结论下颌阻生智齿及其并发症是大、中学生的常见口腔疾病，及时就诊和治疗对防止各种并发症的发生具有积极意义。     

Endoscopic resection of giant gastrointestinal stromal tumor at the esophagogastric junction: a case report

Background

There is an unmet need for novel treatments, such as drugs or vaccines, adjunctive to or replacing a burdensome life-long gluten-free diet for coeliac disease. The gold standard for successful treatment is a healed small intestinal mucosa, and therefore, the outcome measures in proof-of-concept studies should be based on evaluation of small intestine biopsies. We here evaluated morphometric, immunohistochemical and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression changes in coeliac disease patients challenged with gluten using PAXgene fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies.

Methods

Fifteen coeliac disease patients were challenged with 4 g of gluten per day for 10 weeks and 24 non-coeliac patients served as disease controls. A wide array of histological and immunohistochemical staining and mRNA-based gene expression tests (RT-qPCR and RNAseq) were carried out.

Results

Digital quantitative villous height: crypt depth ratio (VH: CrD) measurements revealed significant duodenal mucosal deterioration in all coeliac disease patients on gluten challenge. In contrast, the Marsh-Oberhuber class worsened in only 80% of coeliac patients. Measuring the intraepithelial CD3⁺ T-lymphocyte and lamina propria CD138⁺ plasma cell densities simultaneously proved to be a meaningful new measure of inflammation. Stainings for γδ T cells and IgA deposits, where previously frozen samples have been needed, were successful in PAXgene fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Messenger RNA extraction from the same paraffin-embedded biopsy block was successful and allowed large-scale qRT-PCR and RNAseq analyses for gene expression. Molecular morphometry, using the mRNA expression ratio of villous epithelium-specific gene APOA4 to crypt proliferation gene Ki67, showed a similar significant distinction between paired baseline and post-gluten challenge biopsies as quantitative histomorphometry.

Conclusion

Rigorous digitally measured histologic and molecular markers suitable for gluten challenge studies can be obtained from a single paraffin-embedded biopsy specimen. Molecular morphometry seems to be a promising new tool that can be used in situations where assessing duodenal mucosal health is of paramount importance. In addition, the diagnostically valuable IgA deposits were now stained in paraffin-embedded specimens making them more accessible in routine clinics.

     

Design, synthesis, biological activities, and 3D-QSAR of new N,N'-diacylhydrazines containing 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propane moiety

A series of new N,N'-diacylhydrazine derivatives were synthesized efficiently under microwave irradiation. Their structures were characterized by (1) H NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. Various biological activities of these compounds were tested. Most of them exhibited higher herbicidal activities against dicotyledonous weeds than monocotyledonous weeds. In addition, favorable in vivo fungicidal activities were also found of these compounds against Cladosporium cucumerinum, Corynespora cassiicola, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)de Bary, Erysiphe cichoracearum, and Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk aLMont) Arx. All compounds displayed excellent plant growth regulatory activities: 100% inhibition was achieved against the radicle growth of cucumber. To further investigate the structure-activity relationship, comparative molecular field analysis was performed on the basis of herbicidal activity data, resulting in a statistically reliable model with good predictive power (r(2) = 0.913, q(2) =0.556). Based on the calculation, five additional novel compounds were designed and synthesized. Satisfyingly, compound 4u displayed excellent herbicidal activity (94.7%) at 1500 g/ha, although it is less active than 2,4-D. Meanwhile, this compound also exhibited good fungicidal activity against C. orbiculare (Berk aLMont) Arx (82.16%).