A comparison of placement methods using a two-in-one dentin pin

Experiments were performed to determine the effect of pin channel preparation with standard and reduction speed handpieces, and pin seating by hand and with motor drive. The greatest retention was achieved by preparation with a standard handpiece at 6000 rpm, and manual pin placement with a hand driver. The most consistent retention values were achieved using the reduction handpiece. All preparation and placement combinations examined produced a clinically acceptable result.     

Characterization of hindlimb motoneuron membrane properties in acute and chronic spinal cats

The purpose of this study was to determine if changes in hindlimb motoneuron membrane electrical properties occur 4–6 months after spinal transection in the adult animal. Eight acute and nine chronic animals were spinalized at T₁₂. Intracellular recordings from motoneurons innervating the triceps surae were performed. Membrane electrical properties, including resting potential, action potential peak amplitude, afterhyperpolarization duration, rheobasic current, input resistance and axonal conduction velocity were measured. There were no statistical differences found between group means or frequency distributions in the membrane properties of motoneurons assessed from acute and chronic spinal animals. Thus, alteration of motoneuron membrane properties does not appear to be a major contributing factor to the hyperexcitable hindlimb reflex activity demonstrated by chronic spinal animals.     

Depressive Symptoms Among HIV Positive Men: Life Stress,Coping, and Social Support1

The significance of life stress, coping, and social support was examined in relation to depressive symptomatology in a sample of 160 asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic HIV-antibody-positive (HIV+) men. The participants (mean age = 32 years) were interviewed about the life stress that they had experienced in the previous 6     

Evaluating New and Traditional Methods for Aminoglycoside Dosing in Patients With Various Degrees of Renal Function

Aminoglycosides are widely used, and clinicians continue to seek newer and better methods for initial dosing of these agents. Recently, three new methods were introduced: Thomson, Reesor Nimmo, and dosing in Tenopathy by easy-to-use multipliers (DREM). In comparing them with older, traditional dosing methods in patients with various degrees of renal function, the pharmacokinetic variables of gentamicin were determined from steady-state peak (C_max) and trough (C_min) serum concentrations using individualized regimens in 88 patients. Dosages were determined in each patient using the method of Hull-Sarubbi, rule of eights, and the three new methods, and the resultant C_max and C_min values were calculated from dosages generated by each method. The daily doses and C_max values derived with the Hull-Sarubbi, Thomson, and Reesor Nimmo methods were not significantly different (p>0.05). The Hull-Sarubbi was the most precise (root mean squared prediction error 1.3) and least biased (mean prediction error −0.05) of the five methods in predicting target gentamicin serum peak concentrations (C_max 6.5 mg/L). The Hull-Sarubbi (69%), Thomson (86%), and Reesor Nimmo (70%) methods yielded therapeutic C_max (5–8 mg/L) in a significantly higher percentage of patients than did the rule of eights (32%) and DREM (35%), (p<0.05). Therefore, if gentamicin serum concentrations are not available, the first three appear to be reasonable methods for initiating gentamicin dosage regimens, but the last two may not be desirable to use in a clinical setting. These conclusions are based on the assumption that patients are adults with stable renal function and relatively stable clinical conditions.     

In vivo induction of Ia expression in murine cornea after intravitreal injection of interferon-gamma

Intravitreal injection of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) induces increased expression of Class II major histocompatibility complex (Ia) antigen expression on corneal endothelial cells and stromal fibroblasts. In contrast, IFN-gamma has no detectable effect on Ia antigen expression in epithelium. Induction of Ia antigen expression was rapid with increases detectable as early as 6-12 hours after a single injection of 1 x 10(5) units. Expression peaked at 24-48 hours and decreased to background levels by 120 hours. The Ia antigen expression increased in a dose-dependent manner, and IFN-gamma treatment also induced the synthesis of increased amounts of a 65-kilodalton (kD) protein in the cornea. Increased levels of this 65-kd protein are seen as early as 12 hours after treatment and can be induced with as little as 1 x 10(2) units of IFN-gamma. The function of the 65-kd protein is unknown. This model should be useful in studies on in vivo modulation of Ia antigen expression.     

Radiographic manifestations of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia vs usual interstitial pneumonia

The radiographic findings in 24 cases of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia and 16 cases of usual interstitial pneumonia were reviewed and compared. Some cases of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia have been mistaken for usual interstitial pneumonia, although the two diseases have distinct pathologic findings. Clinically, the diseases often have different manifestations. Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia has a better prognosis and often responds well to steroids. This study shows that the radiologic findings of bronchiolitis obliterans include alveolar opacities without lung-volume loss. Patients with usual interstitial pneumonia, however, have bilateral diffuse interstitial opacities with occasional honeycomb changes, and there is loss of lung volume in most patients. These findings suggest that the chest radiograph can aid in distinguishing the two diseases.     

Becoming a Father: First-Time Fathers' Experience of Labor and Delivery

In this study, ethnographic interviews were used to identify first-time fathers' experiences of the birth of their first child. Fourteen fathers were interviewed, and prenatal expectations of the experience are compared with the fathers' perceptions after the birth. Although the fathers expected to be treated as part of a laboring couple, they found that they were relegated to a supporting role. Initially the fathers were confident of their ability to support their wives, but they found that labor was more work than they had anticipated. They became fearful of the outcome, but hid these fears from their partners. Later, they found that their focus moved from their wives to their babies at the time of birth. The men all completed the experience with an enhanced respect for their wives. Fathers should be included in labor management plans and need support for their role as coach, particularly when their wives experience pain. They also need to be encouraged to eat and take a break from their wives' labor when appropriate.     

Purification and characterization of a kinase specific for the serine- and arginine-rich pre-mRNA splicing factors.

Members of the SR family of pre-mRNA splicing factors are phosphoproteins that share a phosphoepitope specifically recognized by monoclonal antibody (mAb) 104. Recent studies have indicated that phosphorylation may regulate the activity and the intracellular localization of these splicing factors. Here, we report the purification and kinetic properties of SR protein kinase 1 (SRPK1), a kinase specific for SR family members. We demonstrate that the kinase specifically recognizes the SR domain, which contains serine/arginine repeats. Previous studies have shown that dephosphorylated SR proteins did not react with mAb 104 and migrated faster in SDS gels than SR proteins from mammalian cells. We show that SRPK1 restores both mobility and mAB 104 reactivity to a SR protein SF2/ASF (splicing factor 2/alternative splicing factor) produced in bacteria, suggesting that SRPK1 is responsible for the generation of the mAb 104-specific phosphoepitope in vivo. Finally, we have correlated the effects of mutagenesis in the SR domain of SF2/ASF on splicing with those on phosphorylation of the protein by SRPK1, suggesting that phosphorylation of SR proteins is required for splicing.     

Shoulder instability: impact of glenohumeral arthrotomography on treatment

We used arthrotomography to study the glenoid labrum in 114 patients. Sixty-nine of the patients had anatomic instability of the shoulder (including recurrent dislocation and subluxation of the shoulder), and 45 patients had functional instability of the shoulder (denoted by chronic pain, clicking of the joint, and the sensation that an unstable condition exists without the objective signs of it). Labral tears were revealed arthrotomographically in 86% of the patients with anatomic instability, while only 40% of the patients with functional instability had labral abnormalities, and these were primarily of minor severity. Fifty-six patients (44 of whom had anatomic instability; 12, functional instability) required surgery. The surgical findings were correlated with the arthrotomographic findings, and no false-positive results were revealed. However, arthrotomography demonstrated only part of the pathologic condition of two patients. These results confirm that there is a strong correlation between labral pathologic conditions and anatomic instability of the shoulder. Arthrotomographic studies have a great impact on the selection of therapy in cases of both anatomic and functional instability of the shoulder.