A rare case of a periorbital respiratory (choristomatous) cyst

Respiratory cysts are benign lesions lined by normal respiratory epithelium. There are few reported cases localized to the orbit, while those of the eyelid are exceedingly rare. Respiratory cysts usually arise either from a non‐hereditary congenital malformation, where they are distinguished as choristomatous, or from trauma. Here, we report a case of a 53‐year‐old man who presented with a large right lower eyelid cyst that was histopathologically diagnosed as a respiratory cyst.     

Distal Penile Gangrene in a Patient with Chronic Renal Failure

To date, only 10 cases of distal penile gangrene in patients with chronic renal failure have been reported. This rare condition is believed to result from progressive vascular calcification due to secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure. We report an additional case of distal penile gangrene in a 41-year-old man who presented with chronic renal disease and pulmonary tuberculosis. Since some authors have emphasized that aggressive surgical treatment in such cases has a significant mortality rate, we took a more conservative approach to treatment.     

Adhesive fragment reattachment after orthodontic extrusion: a case report

Abstract –  In the treatment of crown fractures, adhesive fragment reattachment provides a good alternative to other restorative techniques, offering several advantages. The present paper reports a case in which the treatment of a cervical crown fracture was accomplished by reattaching the tooth fragment with a flowable resin composite. Orthodontic root extrusion was performed with a modified Hawley appliance prior to fragment reattachment. The clinical and radiographic results after 2.5 years were successful.     

Gallbladder sludge and acute pancreatitis induced by acute hepatitis A.

In this case report, a young woman with gallbladder sludge and acute pancreatitis due to acute hepatitis A (HAV) is presented. She was admitted to our hospital with abnormal hepatic enzymes. Five days prior to her admission, an initial abdominal ultrasound was performed at another hospital and revealed no abnormality, while her serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was at the upper limit of normal (ULN) x 8. A second ultrasound was performed at our hospital and revealed a gallbladder wall thickness (9.3 mm), gallbladder sludge in the gallbladder lumen, pancreatic edema, ascites, and hepatomegaly while AST was at the ULN x 50. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed imaging features of an acute stage of pancreatitis and gallbladder wall thickness with coexisting sludge in the gallbladder lumen. HAV infection was diagnosed by the detection of immunoglobulin M against HAV in the serum. The patient underwent two repeated abdominal ultrasound examinations on the 5th (AST was at the ULN x 3) and the 20th days (AST was at the normal) after her discharge, and both revealed normal findings. In our case, we observed reversible changes in the hepatobiliary and pancreatic system which was related to the severity of hepatic necro-inflammation. HAV-associated pancreatitis may be due to the formation of biliary sludge during the acute phase of the viral illness, but this association needs further investigation.     

Lumbar intraradicular disc herniation: report of a rare and preoperatively unpredictable case and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Intraradicular lumbar disc herniation is rare, having been reported to date in only three postoperative patients. The diagnosis is typically made intraoperatively. PURPOSE: To report a fourth case of intraradicular disc herniation, to emphasize its radiological characteristics and operative findings. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. PATIENT SAMPLE: A 41-year-old female. METHODS: Retrospective case review. RESULTS: The patient underwent a second operation and intraradicular disc fragment was removed. She was completely well at her 9-month check up. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis, mechanism, and surgical treatment of intraradicular lumbar disc herniation are reviewed. The round shape of the sequestrated fragment, as seen on magnetic resonance imaging, may help to establish the correct diagnosis.     

Sexual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia on antipsychotic medication.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia under antipsychotic therapy and to investigate the effect of various parameters on sexual dysfunction. METHOD: A total of 827 stabilized outpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, were recruited in the study. Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and the subscale on sexual function of the UKU Side Effects Rating Scale were applied at a single interview. RESULTS: In total, 52.6% of the patients had sexual dysfunction, 54.2% reported a low sexual desire and 41.7% reported problems in having an orgasm. Erectile dysfunction and ejaculation problems were seen in 48.1% and 64.2% of the men, respectively; amenorrhea was seen in 24.9% of the women. ASEX score and severity of disease were found to be correlated (p=0.02). Higher ASEX scores were observed in patients who smoked (p=0.01). Men receiving atypical monotherapy had lower ASEX scores than those receiving a combination of atypical and conventional antipsychotics (p=0.017). Patients on combination therapy had more ejaculation problems than the atypical group (p=0.001). Low sexual desire was more prevalent among women using conventional drugs than those on atypical drugs (p=0.004). In linear regression analyses, ASEX was affected significantly and independently by the severity of the disease only in men (p=0.005). CONCLUSION: Our results show that sexual dysfunction is widespread among patients with schizophrenia on antipsychotic medications.     

Treatment of a narrow, single tooth edentulous area with mini-dental implants: a clinical report.

The narrowing of an extraction site often becomes problematic when attempting to restore the space with a conventional wide-diameter implant. A woman is presented who was treated with a square head, mini-dental implant-supported fixed denture for a maxillary with a narrowed edentulous area, with a mesiodistal width of 5 mm. The implant, with a diameter of 2.4 mm, was inserted without reflecting the mucoperiosteal flap and was loaded immediately. During 12 months of follow-up, there has been no bone resorption and no inflammation observed around the implant. In conclusion, in terms of both clinical and aesthetic criteria, small diameter, mini-dental implants can be successfully used as an alternative to treatment with fixed partial dentures.     

Case report: Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium: a rare cause of infertility and its hysteroscopic management

This case report presents a very rare and long-standing causeof infertility, osseous metaplasia of the endometrium, and describesits successful management by hysteroscopy. A woman with a historyof induced abortion 12 years ago, failed to conceive from thattime on. The infertility work-up was unrevealing except forthe presence of intracavitary calcification on ultrasonography.After diagnostic hysteroscopy, solid bony spicules coveringthe posterior wall of the endometrial cavity were removed bywire loop resectoscope. Histology established the diagnosisof osseous metaplasia of the endometrium. The patient conceivedin her second spontaneous cycle and has an ongoing pregnancyat the time of writing. Hysteroscopy was an effective meansof extracting this heterotopic tissue, thereby re-establishingfertility even after a long period of infertility.     

IL-1, IL-18, and IL-33 families of cytokines

Summary: The interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-18, and IL-33 families of cytokines are related by mechanism of origin, receptor structure, and signal transduction pathways utilized. All three cytokines are synthesized as precursor molecules and cleaved by the enzyme caspase-1 before or during release from the cell. The NALP-3 inflammasome is of crucial importance in generating active caspase-1. The IL-1 family contains two agonists, IL-1α and IL-1β, a specific inhibitor, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and two receptors, the biologically active type IL-1R and inactive type II IL-1R. Both IL-1RI and IL-33R utilize the same interacting accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra is important in preventing disease in various organs, and excess production of IL-1 has been implicated in many human diseases. The IL-18 family also contains a specific inhibitor, the IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP), which binds IL-18 in the fluid phase. The IL-18 receptor is similar to the IL-1 receptor complex, including a single ligand-binding chain and a different interacting accessory protein. IL-18 provides an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Newly described IL-33 binds to the orphan IL-1 family receptor T1/ST2 and stimulates T-helper 2 responses as well as mast cells.