The purpose of this research was to study the effects of nicotine and ethanol, alone and in combination, on cardiac membrane potentials (MP). Rat atrial preparations driven at 5 Hz were superfused with Tyrode's solution (37 degrees C) while recording MP with intracellular microelectrodes. Nicotine concentrations below and including 6.2 x 10(-5) M did not affect MP. Within 15 s, nicotine 3.1 x 10(-3) M shortened the action potential duration (APD) and depressed the overshoot of the action potential (OS). This action was blocked by atropine. After 3 min, nicotine prolonged the APD and depressed Vmax of phase O, OS and the amplitude of the action potential (AAP), without affecting the resting membrane potential (RMP). Nifedipine blocked the depression of the OS while tetraethylammonium chloride blocked the prolongation of the APD. Acute exposure to ethanol depressed OS and AAP and shortened APD, but it did not affect RMP or Vmax of phase O. When nicotine and ethanol were administered simultaneously, the APD-prolonging effects of nicotine prevailed. The influence of chronic ethanol ingestion on the acute action of nicotine and/or ethanol was studied in rats pair-fed a liquid diet with (ER) or without (NR) ethanol (35% of total caloric intake) for 24 weeks. Chronic ethanol ingestion accentuated the depressant effect of nicotine 3.1 x 10(-3) M on OS and AAP, but it did not modify the APD-prolonging action of nicotine. The same results were observed when ER and NR were exposed to nicotine and ethanol simultaneously. 相似文献
Glutamate (GLU)-receptor subtypes, (quisqualate (QA)-, kainate (KA)-, N- methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptors) and the phencyclidine sites localized in the ion-channel associated to the NMDA-receptors, were studied by autoradiography in the hippocampus of rats subjected to a convulsive dose of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor soman (0-, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonofluoridate). In intoxicated rats, a significant increase in L-[3H]-GLU binding occurred within the first 40 min of seizures in the hippocampal CA3 and CA1 areas. Whereas binding to KA- and NMDA-receptors remained unchanged, L-[3H]-GLU binding to CA3 QA-receptors increased by 31 and 50% respectively after 10 and 40 min of seizures. In CA1, the change in QA-receptors was delayed (+30% after 40 min) and accompanied by an increase in the phencyclidine site binding capacity, reflecting the probable concomitant opening of NMDA ion-channels. These findings confirmed the previously suspected involvement of GLU in the earliest stages of soman-induced seizures, and suggested that, in hippocampus, the primary activation of QA-receptors in the CA3 region could lead to the secondary recruitment of combined non-NMDA (QA) and NMDA mechanisms in CA1. 相似文献
The authors describe their experience with methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in a larger series of patients than previously reported in order to acquaint physicians with both its effectiveness for dissolution of common bile duct calculi and the limitations of its use. Ten patients with 13 biliary calculi underwent percutaneous stone dissolution treatment with the experimental cholesterol solvent, MTBE. Three stones completely dissolved within 30 minutes, seven were reduced in size, and three were visibly unaffected. All stones not completely dissolved were easily extracted by means of a stone basket except for one in a patient taken to surgery. Although MTBE perfusion is an effective technique for management of biliary calculi, practitioners should be aware that its use is quite time consuming and its odor difficult to control. 相似文献
Summary This paper describes a new technique for the division of syndactyly. The commissure is reconstructed by a dorsal trilobed flap and a zig zag incision which produces triangular flaps for the side of the digits. This technique does not require use of a skin graft. Seventeen syndactylies in fourteen children, nine incomplete (six congenital and three secondary to burn) and eight complete syndactylies were treated by this technique. The results after a maximum of twelve months follow-up and the advantages of the technique are discussed.[/ab] 相似文献
Three cases of congenital pseudarthrosis were treated by the Ilizarov method. Consolidation was obtained by 3.5 months in three patients who had undergone several previous surgical procedures. Although the length of follow-up was short (maximum 3.5 years), consolidation occurred more quickly than by traditional methods. This technique also permitted both simultaneous correction of axial malalignment and leg lengthening. We think that this method has a place as a salvage procedure except where the distal fragment is very thin or dystrophic. 相似文献
Our work concerned 15 patients (9 males, 6 females) with a mean age of 29.5 years, having a hematologic malignant disease and undergoing allogenic bone marrow transplantation.We studied :
1. The metabolic disorders induced by the conditioning regimen (chemotherapy and total body irradiation) pregraft accompanying cytolysis (day −7, −5, −2).
2. The corrective effect of a total parenteral nutrition introduced 2 days before the transplantation and pursued during 30 days post-graft (day −2 to day 30).
3. The interest of a high calorie intake (BEE × 2) and, after randomisation, of a variable nitrogen intake (24% of the total calorie intake for group A [8 patients] and 14% for group B [7 patients]). The patient characteristics of these two groups were closely comparable. Urinary parameters were studied daily (3-methylhistidine, cratinine, nitrogen) and blood parameters weekly (transferrin, pre-albumin, albumin, retinol binding protein).
We observed globally :
-- An excellent result of the nutritional support without significant weight loss;
-- protein catabolism stopped with a recovery of synthesis of RBP after day 7 and pre-albumin from day 7;
-- a decrease in muscle catabolism.
The randomized study showed :
-- a significant difference in nitrogen excretion between group A and group B;
-- earlier and better protein synthesis recovery in group A, particularly with regard to RBP and pre-albumin.
In conclusion, we recommend for the patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation :
-- nutritional support should be introduced before the conditioning regimen;
-- a high calorie intake (BEE × 2) with a nitrogen intake between 14% and 24% of the total calorie intake;
-- cyclic parenteral nutrition should be pursued during the second and third month post-graft.
Résumé
Nous avons étudié chez 15 malades (9 hommes, 6 femmes) d'âge moyen 29,5 ans, présentant une hémopathie maligne et nécessitant une greffe de moelle osseuse allogénique :
1. Les désordres métaboliques induits par la chimiothérapie et l'irradiation corporelle totale en période de prégreffe au cours de la cytolyse (J −7, J −5, J −2).
2. L'effet correcteur d'une nutrition parentérale introduite deux jours avant la greffe et exclusive durant les 30 jours post-greffe (J −2, J + 30).
3. L'intérêt d'un apport calorique élevé (BEE × 2) et, par randomisation, d'un apport azoté variable (24 % de l'apport calorique total pour le groupe A et 14 % pour le groupe B).
Nous avons étudié quotidiennement certains paramètres urinaires (3MeH, créatinine, azote) et les paramètres sanguins (transferrine, préalbumine, albumine, RBP) l'ont été de façon hebdomadaire.Nous avons constaté globalement un excellent résultat du support nutritif sans perte de poids significative, un arrêt du processus catabolique protéique avec reprise de synthèse après J +7 pour la RBP et pour la préalbumine et une réduction du catabolisme musculaire.L'étude randomisée a mis en évidence :
-- une différence statistique dans l'excrétion axotée, plus intense dans le groupe A,
-- une reprise des synthèses protéiques, plus précoce et plus performante dans ce même groupe pour la RBP et la préalbumine.
En conclusion et compte tenu de l'ensemble des éléments, nous préconisons chez ces malades devant subir une greffe de moelle osseuse allogénique :
-- une attitude préventive en ce qui concerne la nutrition à débuter avant le conditionnement,
-- un apport calorique élevé (BEE × 2) et un apport azoté situé entre 14 % et 24 % de l'apport calorique total,
-- une étude prospective quant à l'intérêt de certains acides aminés et d'une nutrition parentérale cyclique poursuivie au 2e et au 3e mois post-greffe.
Mots clés: greffe de moelle osseuse; nutrition parentérale totale; apport azotéKey-words: bone marrow transplantation; total parenteral nutrition; nitrogen intake 相似文献
Preface I feel extremely honoured by the invitation to deliver the 10th Arvid Wretlind lecture. It is also a tremendous pleasure because Professor Wretlind had a decisive impact on the orientation of my scientific career. I first met him when I was attending my first meeting on parenteral nutrition. A little while later, I had the privilege of spending two weeks with him in Stockholm. Then, he strongly advised me to spend a research fellowship in the Surgical Metabolism Unit of Columbia University, New York and personally established the contact with Professor John M. Kinney. Hence, it is easy to understand my emotional feelings to have the opportunity of dedicating this presentation to the pioneer of modern fat emulsions, as a very modest tribute of my immense admiration, respect and gratitude. I would not like to start this presentation without mentioning my deep appreciation to Professors John M. Kinney and David H. Elwyn who, so generously, let me benefit from their knowledge and experience in the field of energy and fat metabolism. I also want to associate to this presentation Richard J. Deckelbaum, Thomas Olivecrona, Dominique Haumont, Myriam Richelle and Peter Fürst. Our recent and present work is conducted in a very close, friendly and pleasant collaboration with them. 相似文献