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Screening for alcoholism 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alcoholism is one of the largest public health problems of the nation and is a significant cofactor in such ubiquitous diseases as hypertension, developmental abnormalities, heart failure, liver failure, and many other conditions. The cost to the nation's health is immense. One strategy for reducing morbidity and cost has been to establish methods for screening in order to increase recognition rates leading to increased rates of therapeutic intervention. In this article, the rationale for two methods of alcohol screening, brief interviews and biological markers of excessive drinking, the relevant statistical issues bearing on this problem, and the current research on screening exams are reviewed and summarized. Finally, some of the newer approaches toward alcoholism screening as well as the consequences to the medical care system should alcohol screening eventuate on a large scale are briefly described. 相似文献
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Scintigraphic diagnosis of sacral fractures 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The H- or butterfly-pattern of uptake in the sacrum on Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy is typical of fractures of the body of the sacrum that involve the sacral alae. This report describes four patients with a focal linear or curvilinear pattern of uptake in sacral fractures without alae involvement. This pattern differs from that associated with metastases in the sacrum, which typically has a random pattern. Recognition of this scintigraphic linear dot pattern of uptake in horizontal fractures in the inferior body of the sacrum is useful for detecting fractures without alae involvement that are not readily apparent on radiographs. 相似文献
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The advantages of the new, safer, but more expensive iodinated contrast agents are discussed, and opinions on which patient groups should receive the agents are presented. 相似文献
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Neuropathic bone and joint disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The pathogenesis of the neuropathic joint has been a subject of controversy for many years. Two main theories of pathophysiologic pathways have evolved: (1) the neurotraumatic, which states that the changes result from mechanical trauma and repetitive injuries to an insensitive extremity or joint and (2) the neurovascular, which states that the changes result from a neurally initiated vascular reflex that leads to hyperemia, angiogenesis, and very active bone resorption by osteoclasts. Through clinical, radiographic, and pathologic observation, it appears evident that both pathways contribute to neuropathic bone and joint disease. Initially, the alteration of sympathetic control triggers a persistent hyperemia, leading to active bone resorption. There may or may not be associated pathologic fractures and subsequent repair. This depends upon the degree of joint insensitivity and whether or not it is subjected to continued weightbearing. If so, the neurotraumatic mechanisms come into play, but only secondarily. 相似文献
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A modified technique for catheterization of the pulmonary artery was developed. It involves the passage of a tapered, movable-core, J-tipped guide wire across the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery followed by the advancement of a straightened Grollman pigtail catheter. The technique was successful in 34 of 34 pulmonary artery catheterizations. The method avoids prolonged catheter manipulation within the right ventricle. In addition, since the catheter does not cross the tricuspid valve until the guide wire has been advanced, the occasional complication of the pigtail "hooking" on a tricuspid valve leaflet or chordae tendineae during catheter withdrawal and manipulation is prevented. 相似文献