AMPK在妊娠期糖尿病发病机制中的作用

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶是一种重要的蛋白激酶,主要作用是协调代谢和能量平衡.腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶被激活后,在增加骨骼肌对葡萄糖摄取、增强胰岛素敏感性、增加脂肪酸氧化以及调节基因转录等方面发挥重要作用.已经证实脂联素有调节糖脂代谢的作用,但其作用机制尚不十分清楚,很可能是通过腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶介导,对脂联素信号转导通路的研究将成为进一步理解脂联素作用的关键所在.而脂联素又是妊娠期糖尿病的预测因子,所以腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶逐渐成为对妊娠期糖尿病研究中的焦点.     

Inflammatory cytokine production predominates in early Lyme disease in patients with erythema migrans

In a study of cytokine production ex vivo by Borrelia burgdorferi-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 27 patients with culture-positive erythema migrans, production of inflammatory cytokines predominated, particularly gamma interferon and, to a lesser degree, tumor necrosis factor alpha. In contrast, with the exception of interleukin-13, anti-inflammatory cytokine production was negligible. Thus, B. burgdorferi antigens in early Lyme disease often induce a strong inflammatory response.     

Development of a larval bioassay for susceptibility of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) to imidacloprid

Strategies for controlling cat fleas, Ctenocephalidesfelisfelis (Bouché), have undergone dramatic changes in the past 5 yr. With the advent of on-animal treatments with residual activity the potential for the development of insecticide resistance increases. A larval bioassay was developed to determine the baseline susceptibility of field-collected strains of cat fleas to imidacloprid. All four laboratory strains tested showed a similar level of susceptibility to imidacloprid. Advantages of this bioassay are that smaller numbers of fleas are required because flea eggs are collected for the test. Insect growth regulators and other novel insecticides can also be evaluated. Using a discriminating dose, the detection of reduced susceptibility in field strains can be determined with as few as 40 eggs.     

藏汉民族线粒体基因组全序列的比较研究

目的 以藏汉民族线粒体基因组全序列为基础,进行Haplogroup构建和系统发生分析,在全序列水平上比较核苷酸的变异,阐释可能的变异机制和蕴含的生物学意义.方法 采用Applied Biosystems 3730DNA自动测序仪分别对40名藏族和50名汉族的标本进行线粒体DNA序列测定,应用phredPhrap 16.0软件进行全序列拼接,并以rCRS(revised Cambridge Reference Sequence)为标准与测定序列进行比对分析;根据MTTO-MAP的标准,通过Network方法进行Haplogroup构建和系统发生的分析,并结合其它方法对产生的数据进行深入解读.结果 数据分析结果显示:在系统发生上,藏汉民族90个线粒体DNA序列归类到13个Haplogroups,除M9以外,其它各Haplogroup出现频率之间比较差异无统计学意义;通过两个民族的线粒体DNA全序列比对,发现21个分布频率有统计学意义的变异位点,其中的5个为新变异位点;另外,对D-Loop区的5个突变位点进行了单倍型构建,90个标本可分为2种Supertype,发现在藏汉民族之间Supertypel和Supertype 2的分布频率均有统计学意义.结论 藏汉民族在种族起源和系统发生上具有较近的母系遗传关系;在全序列有统计学意义的位点究竟是适应性或者中性选择,抑或是一种病理性突变尚需深入的探讨.     

Evaluation of Job Strain of Family Physicians in COVID-19 Pandemic Period- An Example from Turkey

Journal of Community Health - The purpose of this study was to evaluate family physicians’ job strain during the Covid-19 pandemic and determine the effective factors. The study was carried...     

松质骨中两种纵波的传播特性分析

基于松质骨的层状模型，利用Schoenberg理论分析了松质骨中两种纵波(快纵波和慢纵波)的传播特性；并在理论和实验上详细分析了骨小梁方向与传播方向间的夹角对松质骨中快纵波和慢纵波传播特性的影响。分析结果表明，当超声波平行于骨小梁入射时，松质骨中两种纵波都传播，入射角度在60度附近时，松质骨中两种纵波的相速度曲线有一个转折点，入射角度在60度以上，角度越大时，骨髓和骨小梁耦合得越紧，因此阻止了慢纵波的传播，而只有快纵波传播。     

Sporadic hyperplastic polyp associated with above-average risk of developing metachronous colorectal cancer

Post-colonoscopy surveillance interval for colorectal polyps depends on the size, number, and pathological classification of removed polyps. The risk of sporadic hyperplastic polyps (HPs) for developing colorectal adenocarcinoma remains debatable due to limited data. We aimed to evaluate the risk of metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with sporadic HPs. A total of 249 patients with historical HP(s) diagnosed in 2003 were included as the disease group, and 393 patients without any polyp as the control group. All historical HPs were reclassified into SSA or true HP based on the recent 2010 and 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Polyp size was measured under light microscope. Patients developed CRC were identified from the Tumor Registry database. Each tumor was tested for DNA mismatch repair proteins (MMR) by immunohistochemistry. Results showed that 21 (8%) and 48 (19%) historical HPs were reclassified as SSAs based on the 2010 and 2019 WHO criteria, respectively. The mean polyp size of SSAs (6.7 mm) was significantly larger than HPs (3.3 mm) (P<0.0001). For polyp size ≥5 mm, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for diagnosing SSA was 90%, 90%, 46%, and 99%, respectively. Left-sided polyps with size <5 mm were 100% of HPs. Five of 249 (2%) patients developed metachronous CRC during the 14-year follow-up from 2003 to 2017, including 2 of 21 (9.5%) patients with SSA diagnosed at intervals of 2.5 and 7 years, and 3 of 228 (1.3%) patients with HP(s) at 7, 10.3, and 11.9 years. Two of 5 cancers showed MMR deficiency with concurrent loss of MLH1/PMS2. Based on the 2019 WHO criteria, the rate of developing metachronous CRC in patients with SSA (P=0.0116) and HP (P=0.0384) was significantly higher than the control group, and no significant difference was observed between patients with SSA and with HP (P=0.241) in this cohort. Patients with either SSA or HP also had higher risk of CRC than average-risk US population (P=0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively). Our data add a new line of evidence that patients with sporadic HP are associated with above-average risk of developing metachronous CRC. Post-polypectomy surveillance for sporadic HP may be adjusted in future practice given the low but increased risk of developing CRC.     

中孕期非整倍体染色体异常血清学筛查不同方案比较

目的：对中孕期非整倍体染色体异常血清学筛查不同方案的检出率进行探讨。方法选取513名2009年9月~2013年3月在攀枝花市妇幼保健院产科进行常规产前筛查的孕妇血清样本,分别采用化学发光法和时间分辨荧光免疫法对孕妇血清进行二联、三联、四联检查,比较阳性率及假阳性率。结果二联化学发光法检测唐氏综合征(DS)高危假阳性率为9.10豫,三联为7.36豫,四联为6.28豫,假阳性率呈递减趋势(字2=5.119,P约0.05);二联化学发光法筛查18-三体高危假阳性率(0.63豫)低于三联(0.82豫),差异有统计学意义(字2=4.776,P约0.05)。三联时间分辨荧光免疫法筛查DS、18-三体假阳性率(4.01豫、0.34豫)较二联(8.93豫、0.61豫)均明显降低(字2=6.992、4.776,P约0.05)。二联化学发光法检测DS、18-三体假阳性率分别为9.10豫、0.63豫,时间分辨荧光免疫法则分别为8.93豫、0.61豫,两种检测方法比较,差异无统计学意义(字2=1.787、0.000,P跃0.05);而三联时间荧光分辨法检测DS、18-三体假阳性率(4.01豫、0.34豫)均低于三联化学发光法(7.36豫、0.82豫),差异有统计学意义(字2=5.382、4.783,P约0.05)。结论化学发光法的检测系统发现筛查效率二联、三联及四联方案呈递增趋势。时间分辨荧光免疫法检测系统发现筛查效率三联高于二联方案,时间荧光分辨法三联筛查优于化学发光法。