全文获取类型
收费全文 | 636篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 7篇 |
儿科学 | 25篇 |
妇产科学 | 111篇 |
基础医学 | 85篇 |
口腔科学 | 24篇 |
临床医学 | 49篇 |
内科学 | 98篇 |
皮肤病学 | 2篇 |
神经病学 | 36篇 |
特种医学 | 12篇 |
外科学 | 101篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
预防医学 | 20篇 |
眼科学 | 40篇 |
药学 | 33篇 |
肿瘤学 | 14篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 37篇 |
2011年 | 20篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 39篇 |
2007年 | 47篇 |
2006年 | 56篇 |
2005年 | 53篇 |
2004年 | 55篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 49篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有664条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Birsen Uçar Ayten Yakut Nurdan Kural Ferit Büyükaşık Erkan Vardareli 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1997,11(1):31-35
.We report five patients with Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome (LMBBS) who had renal involvement. Intravenous pyelography
showed bilateral or unilateral calyceal clubbing and blunting in all patients. In addition, one patient had a parapelvic cyst
in the left kidney and another had bilateral lobulated renal outlines of the fetal type. One patient had a urinary concentrating
defect and two patients showed increased fractional sodium excretion. Estimated tubular phosphate reabsorption values were
in normal limits in all of five patients. No patient had a urine acidification defect, proteinuria, glycosuria, or hyperaminoaciduria.
One patient died from end-stage renal failure. The remaining four patients had normal serum creatinine values and estimated
creatinine clearances. 99mTechnetium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate renal scanning showed prolonged and delayed concentration and delayed excretion
in three of the four patients who survived. A focal scar was determined on the left kidney of one of four patients by 99mtechnetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scanning. All LMBBS cases with or without renal symptoms should be routinely evaluated
for renal abnormalities. Renal scanning is a valuable method, especially for determining the renal involvement in the early
stage of disease.
Received November 14, 1995; received in revised form and accepted May 23, 1996 相似文献
2.
3.
We report a case of Noonan syndrome associated with central giant cell granuloma. The patient was a 101/2-year-old boy with the chief complaint of proptosis of the right eye. He also had various malformations such as short stature, webbed neck, pectus excavatum, cubitus valgus, pulmonary valve stenosis and patent foramen ovale, a characteristic face appearance and cryptorchidism and so on. Chromosome analysis showed a 46, XY karyotype. A computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass originated from the lateral wall of the right maxillary sinus. The patient underwent Caldwell-Luc operation. Histological examination of the mass showed the characteristics of central giant cell granuloma. This case report describes a patient with the features of the recently described Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome. 相似文献
4.
In order to determine the positivity rate and genotype of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cases with Hodgkin's disease (HD) in Turkey, 40 tissue specimens from HD patients were analysed. Ten non-lymphoid tissue samples from individuals without any evidence for lymphoma were used as controls. The cases with HD included 33 males and 7 females with a mean age of 28 years. Nodular sclerosis was the most prevalent histological subtype (16/40) followed by mixed cellularity (10/40), lymphocyte predominance (9/40), and lymphocyte depletion (5/40). After histopathological evaluation, deparafinisation and lysis of the specimens, one-stage polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and two-stage (nested) PCR assays were performed with the primers common for both EBV genotypes and the primers specific for EBV types 1 and 2, respectively. EBV DNA was detected in 22 of 40 (55%) cases with HD and in 1 of 10 (10%) control specimens. The distribution of EBV DNA positivity according to the histological subtypes was as follows: 10 of 16 (62.5%) for nodular sclerosis, 3 of 5 (60%) for lymphocyte depletion, 5 of 9 (55.6%) for lymphocyte predominance, and 4 of 10 (40%) for mixed cellularity. Although most of the HD patients were males of 15-34 years of age, there were no significant differences between EBV positivities obtained from different sex and age groups. The rates of EBV genotypes were 82% for type 1, 9% for type 2, and 9% for both types, respectively. 相似文献
5.
Berkkanoglu M Zhang L Ulukus M Cakmak H Kayisli UA Kursun S Arici A 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》2005,20(11):3047-3052
BACKGROUND: The present study evaluates the efficacy of a broad-spectrumchemokine inhibitor, NR58-3.14.3, in the prevention of adhesionformation after i.p. surgery in mice. METHODS: A total of 110eight week old female Balb/c mice underwent laparotomy. Fortyanimals were randomly assigned to receive daily i.p. injectionsof either vehicle (control) or NR58-3.14.3. Time-course of adhesionformation was assessed. A titration of NR58-3.14.3 was conductedfor i.p. and s.c. administrations. The effectiveness of a singleintra-operative dose of NR58-3.14.3 was evaluated. Number, extent,location and type of adhesions were recorded. Immunohistochemistryof adhesions was done with leukocyte common antigen, CD45. RESULTS:Adhesion scores peaked on post-operative days 68. Onboth days 6 and 8, there were smaller adhesion size and lowercumulative adhesion scores in NR58-3.14.3-treated group. Moreover,on day 8, there were significantly fewer adhesions in NR58-3.14.3-treatedgroup compared to controls. The least effective dose for i.p.administration of NR58-3.14.3 was 0.45 mg/animal. Subcutaneousand single intra-operative i.p. administrations were also effectivein the prevention of i.p. adhesions. Although NR58-3.14.3 decreasedthe number of CD45+ inflammatory cells in the adhesions by 22.5%compared to control group, this was not significant. CONCLUSIONS:Our results show that this broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitorprevents post-operative adhesions in mice and may have a potentialclinical use. 相似文献
6.
Bahceci F Yildirim B Karincaoglu M Dogan I Sipahi B 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2005,97(2):213-216
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in cirrhotic patients is usually characterized by memory impairment and psychomotor slowing. Our aim was to investigate memory status in cirrhotic patients with and without clinically overt HE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two cirrhotic patients (10 female and 22 male) aged 49 +/- 17 years and 20 healthy subjects (six female and 14 male) aged 46 +/- 12 years were included in the study. Memory status was defined by Wechsler Memory Scale, verbal memory process and complex memory process tests. RESULTS: Grade-1 HE was detected in 7 (22%) patients with cirrhosis. We detected 36 to 92% decrement in various memory tests in cirrhotic patients without HE as compared to healthy subjects. The scores for all psychometric testing results were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients without HE as compared to healthy subjects. We detected 42.9 to 100% decrement in various memory tests in cirrhotic patients with HE than cirrhotic patients without HE. However, there was no statistical significant difference between cirrhotic patients with and without HE. There was no statistical significant difference in cirrhotic patients with Child-Pugh A, B, and C. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, memory status was influenced in which patients with cirrhosis yet has a normal mental and neurological status to routine clinical examination (subclinical HE). Occasionally, decreased memory performance may adversely affect the satisfaction and lifestyle of these patients. Therefore, subclinical HE is an important social problem. 相似文献
7.
Diffuse optical tomography with a priori anatomical information 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) poses a typical ill-posed inverse problem with a limited number of measurements and inherently low spatial resolution. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian approach to improve spatial resolution and quantitative accuracy by using a priori information provided by a secondary high resolution anatomical imaging modality, such as magnetic resonance (MR) or x-ray. In such a dual imaging approach, while the correlation between optical and anatomical images may be high, it is not perfect. For example, a tumour may be present in the optical image, but may not be discernable in the anatomical image. The proposed hierarchical Bayesian approach allows incorporation of partial a priori knowledge about the noise and unknown optical image models, thereby capturing the function-anatomy correlation effectively. We present a computationally efficient iterative algorithm to simultaneously estimate the optical image and the unknown a priori model parameters. Extensive numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method avoids undesirable bias towards anatomical prior information and leads to significantly improved spatial resolution and quantitative accuracy. 相似文献
8.
Removal of hydrosalpinges increases endometrial leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression at the time of the implantation window 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Seli E Kayisli UA Cakmak H Bukulmez O Bildirici I Guzeloglu-Kayisli O Arici A 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》2005,20(11):3012-3017
BACKGROUND: The presence of hydrosalpinges is associated with lower implantation and pregnancy rates in women undergoing IVF-embryo transfer, while salpingectomy improves these parameters. Although the mechanism by which hydrosalpinges affects fertility is not entirely understood, an adverse effect on endometrial receptivity has been postulated. In this study, we hypothesized that the adverse effects of hydrosalpinges on fertility may be in part mediated by inappropriate endometrial expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a cytokine implicated in implantation. METHODS: In order to test our hypothesis, we prospectively examined the expression of LIF during the window of implantation in the endometrium of infertile women (n = 10) with hydrosalpinges prior to and following salpingectomy and of fertile controls (n = 10) by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: LIF expression was significantly lower in infertile women with hydrosalpinges compared with fertile controls (P < 0.05). Salpingectomy resulted in an increase in LIF expression in eight out of 10 women with hydrosalpinges. LIF levels were increased by 231 +/-49% (mean +/- SEM) following salpingectomy. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the Western blot findings. The increased LIF immunoreactivity was predominantly localized to luminal and glandular epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that observed benefit from salpingectomy in infertile women with hydrosalpinges may be in part mediated by the up-regulation of endometrial LIF expression. 相似文献
9.
One of the most puzzling problems of endometriosis is determining which mechanisms link this spectrum of conditions to infertility. There is conflicting evidence about the effect of endometriosis on the endometrium and on oocyte/embryo quality. Clinical studies reveal that implantation rates seem to be lower in women with endometriosis, while spontaneous abortion rates show variable results which are difficult to interpret due to the design of the studies. Biochemical markers (integrins and other cell adhesion molecules), morphological markers (pinopodes), apoptosis and ultrasound studies confirm that not only does the endometrium from women with endometriosis behave differently from the endometrium of women without endometriosis, but ectopic endometrium also behaves differently from eutopic endometrium. Data from oocyte donation programmes suggest that oocyte quality may be hampered in women with endometriosis. Recent reports have focused on the molecular mechanisms that may be altered, such as ovarian steroid production, or inadequate luteal function. In this review, we analyse the most recent literature dealing with the different mechanisms which affect the endometrium and oocyte/embryo quality and which thereby might cause infertility. 相似文献
10.