Influence of pain and urinary symptoms on quality of life in young men with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms

BACKGROUND: Our aims in the present study were to estimate the influences of pain and urinary symptoms on quality of life, and to determine which of these two variables has the most predictive power with respect to quality of life in young men with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. METHODS: Chronic prostatitis-like symptoms were measured by the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. Of the 28,841 men aged 20 years who lived in the study community, 18,495 men (a response rate 64.1%) agreed to participate in the study. A total of 1057 men who complained of symptoms indicative of chronic prostatitis were included in the study. The influences of pain and urinary symptoms on quality of life were determined using logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate the predictive ability of each of these variables with respect to quality of life. RESULTS: Results from multivariate analysis showed that both pain and urinary symptoms were associated with an increased likelihood of impaired quality of life, although pain contributed more to a reduced quality of life than urinary symptoms. Relative to men who experienced mild pain, men who experienced moderate pain had a 3.9-fold risk of poor quality of life (odds ratio [OR], 3.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.86-5.23; P < 0.001) and those who experienced severe pain had a 15.7-fold risk of reduced quality of life (OR, 15.68; 95% CI, 6.59-37.35; P < 0.001). Moderate urinary symptoms were associated with a 1.4-fold risk of bother (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.01-1.99; P < 0.001) and severe urinary symptoms were associated with 2.4-fold risk (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.37-4.12; P < 0.001), relative to mild urinary symptoms. Comparison of the effects of pain and urinary symptoms showed that pain severity had the most predictive power for bother, quality of life, and quality-of-life impact. The areas under the ROC curves for bother, quality of life, and quality-of-life impact were 71.3%, 69.3% and 72.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Urinary symptoms and pain might be associated with an increased likelihood of impaired quality of life in young men with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. In addition, our findings suggest that pain severity is the most influential variable for determining quality of life in this population.     

Delayed Enhancement of Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity by General Anesthesia Using Diethyl Ether or Halothane

Delayed Enhancement of Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity by GeneralAnesthesia Using Diethyl Ether or Halothane. WELLS, P. G., RAMJI,P., AND KU, M. S. W. (1986). Fundam. App. Toxicol 6, 299–306.Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a widely used analgesic/antipyreticdrug which is enzymatically bioactivated, or toxified, by thecytochromes P-450 to a hepatotoxic reactive intermediary metabolite.Brief general anesthesia with diethyl ether has been shown toinhibit both the toxifying cytochromes P-450 and enzymatic glucuronidation,the latter constituting up to 60% of acetaminophen eliminationvia a nontoxifying pathway. Thus ether potentially could producea temporally differentiated inhibition of bioactivating and"detoxifying" pathways, resulting in an enhancement of acetaminophenhepatotoxicity if the balance favored bioactivation. To evaluatethis possibility, separate groups of male NIH strain mice weretreated with acetaminophen at different times after 5 min ofanesthesia with ether. Ether produced a 40-fold enhancementin acetaminophen hepatotoxicity as determined by plasma glutamic-pyruvictransaminase (GPT) concentrations. This toxicologic enhancementwas observed only if acetaminophen administration was delayed,with a maximal enhancement when acetaminophen was given 6 hrafter ether, and no effect with a delay of 16 hr. Similar studiesin male CD-1 mice were carried out using halothane (Fluothane)as the general anesthetic given either over 5 min or over 1hr. While halothane given over 5 min had no effect, a 1 hr anestheticduration produced a 10-fold increase in acetaminophen hepatotoxicityas determined by peak GPT concentration, with no observed hepatotoxicityin the halothane controls. Toxicologic enhancement occurredonly with delayed administration of acetaminophen; however,the maximal enhancement observed with a 6-hr delay was stillevident with a 12-hr delay. Conversely, inhibition of acetaminophenhepatotoxicity was observed if acetaminophen was given either2 hr or 18 hr after halothane. These observations may have clinicalrelevance, and they indicate potential complications in theinterpretation of results obtained from animals subjected togeneral anesthesia.     

巴西SciELO平台国际化发展策略及启示

【目的】 分析母语非英语国家科技期刊出版策略,为国内期刊国际化发展提供借鉴。【方法】 以巴西SciELO平台为例,通过文献调研、平台调研、双语期刊案例调研等方法剖析巴西期刊出版策略。【结果】 作为国际上首个开放出版平台,SciELO平台更多是面向本国期刊质量提升与评估优化、数字化出版、出版语种平衡及国际影响力提升需要而提出的发展策略。【结论】 SciELO平台本身就是一种国际化策略,发挥了“造船出海“的功能,对整体提升巴西期刊国际影响力具有非常重要的作用,其数字出版平台的牵引作用和语种的平衡发展方式值得我国借鉴。     

慢波睡眠的药理学研究

睡眠有３种成分：浅睡眠、慢波睡眠（ｓｌｏｗｗａｖｅｓｌｅｅｐ,ＳＷＳ）和快眼动睡眠。提出催眠药物开发新构想,即ＳＷＳ是最重要的睡眠成分,选择性增加深睡眠的催眠药物最重要,它将对改善失眠,辅助治疗焦虑症、抑郁症和痴呆症具有重要意义。近十年研究进展包括：（１）腹外侧视前区结节乳头体可能是睡眠觉醒的中枢发生部位。基底前脑吻端ｐＧＤ２敏感性睡眠促进区参与睡眠调节;（２）生长激素释放激素、褪黑激素、ｐＧＤ２、ＩＬ１和腺苷均可增加ＳＷＳ。本系神经药理研究室关于ＳＷＳ的研究工作包括：（１）建立起家兔和大鼠睡眠成分自动分析系统（ａｕｔｏａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｓｌｅｅｐｉｎｇｓｔａｇｅｓｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ,ＡＳＳ）;（２）利用ＡＳＳ研究了免疫增强剂如转移因子、胞壁酰二肽、肿瘤坏死因子,以及５ＨＴ１Ａ受体激动剂和５ＨＴ２受体拮抗剂对睡眠成分的影响;（３）探讨５ＨＴ１Ａ受体、ＲＥＭ睡眠和５ＨＴ２受体间的关系。近十年睡眠调节的研究进展证明“构想”的可行性和正确性,并提示,在中枢可能存在免疫增强ＴＮＦ增多５ＨＴ更新率增加ＳＷＳ途径。激动５ＨＴ１Ａ自身受体与拮抗５ＨＴ２受体有类似效果,二者间有协同作用。开发选择性延长     

反相高效液相色谱法测定甘露药浴颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱的含量

目的以反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定甘露药浴颗粒(外用)中盐酸麻黄碱的含量。方法色谱柱:WatersC18(150mm×4.6mm);流动相:水-乙烷-十二烷基硫酸钠-磷酸(650∶350∶5∶1);流速:1.0mL/min;柱温:26℃;检测波长:210nm。结果该方法的线性范围为0.127～0.130μg/μL(r=0.9996,n=5),平均回收率为99.72%,RSD=1.12%。结论本法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

An inhibitor of PI3-K differentially affects proliferation and IL-6 protein secretion in normal and leukemic myeloid cells depending on the stage of differentiation

In this study, we examined the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and p70S6 kinase signal transduction pathway in the interleukin-1(IL-1)-mediated proliferation and cytokine production by normal and leukemic myeloid cells.Total AML blast populations, early progenitor (CD34(+)/CD36(-)) cells, and more differentiated (CD34(-)/CD36(+)) cells were treated with the PI3-K inhibitor Ly294002 and p70S6K inhibitor rapamycin. The effects on proliferation, IL-6 protein secretion, and intracellular signaling cascades were determined and compared with normal CD34(+) cells and monocytes.The function of the PI3-K pathway was dependent on the differentiation state of the AML cell population. In immature blasts, the IL-1-induced proliferation was strongly inhibited by Ly294002 and rapamycin, without a distinct effect on IL-6 protein production. In contrast, in mature monocytic blast cells inhibition of the PI3-K signaling route had a stimulatory effect on IL-6 protein secretion. Interestingly, these findings were not specifically linked to the malignant counterpart but were also observed with normal CD34(+) sorted cells vs mature monocytes. Evidence is provided that the Ly294002-induced increase in IL-6 protein secretion is linked to the cAMP dependent signaling pathway and not to changes in the phosphorylation of ERK or p38. However, although the enhanced IL-6 protein secretion is cAMP dependent, it was not found to be mediated by protein kinase A (PKA) or by the GTP-ase Rap1.This study indicates that inhibition of the PI3-K signaling pathway has an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation but a stimulatory effect on IL-6 expression mediated by a cAMP-dependent but PKA-independent route.     

Predictors of neurocognitive outcomes on antiretroviral therapy after cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective cohort study

Cryptococcal meningitis is the most common cause of adult meningitis in Africa, yet neurocognitive outcomes are unknown. We investigated the incidence and predictors of neurologic impairment among cryptococcal survivors. HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naive Ugandans with cryptococcal meningitis underwent standardized neuropsychological testing at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. A quantitative neurocognitive performance z-score (QNPZ) was calculated based on population z-scores from HIV-negative Ugandans (n?=?100). Comparison was made with an HIV-infected, non-meningitis cohort (n?=?110). Among 78 cryptococcal meningitis survivors with median CD4 count of 13 cells/μL (interquartile range: 6–44), decreased global cognitive function occurred through 12 months compared with the HIV-infected, non-cryptococcosis cohort (QNPZ-6 at 12 months, P?=?0.036). Tests of performance in eight cognitive domains was impaired 1 month after cryptococcal diagnosis; however, cryptococcal meningitis survivors improved their global neurocognitive function over 12 months with residual impairment (mean z-scores?<?-1), only in domains of motor speed, gross motor and executive function at 12 months. There was no evidence that neurocognitive outcome was associated with initial demographics, HIV parameters, or meningitis severity. Paradoxically, persons with sterile CSF cultures after 14 days of induction amphotericin therapy had worse neurocognitive outcomes than those still culture-positive at 14 days (P?=?0.002). Cryptococcal meningitis survivors have significant short-term neurocognitive impairment with marked improvement over the first 12 months. Few characteristics related to severity of cryptococcosis, including Cryptococcus burden, were associated with neurocognitive outcome.     

国内高压氧联合药物治疗突发性耳聋临床疗效的Meta分析

目的评价近几年来国内高压氧联合药物综合疗法治疗突发性耳聋的临床疗效。方法检索2008²012年近五年来中国学术期刊、中国数字图书馆、维普信息资源系统、超星数字图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库中关于高压氧联合药物综合治疗突发性耳聋的随机对照研究,对符合纳入标准的文献进行方法学的评价,并用RevMan5.1软件对符合质量标准的随机对照研究进行Meta分析。结果纳入了20个随机对照研究,患者总数为2554例,其中有1347例接受高压氧联合药物治疗,即治疗组,另外1207例接受药物单纯疗法,即对照组。通过Meta分析表明治疗组比对照组的临床疗效显著(P<0.00001),而且早期使用高压氧治疗比晚期使用的临床疗效显著(P<0.00001)。结论在突发性耳聋的治疗过程中,应用高压氧联合药物综合疗法比药物单纯疗法的效果要显著,而且引入高压氧治疗的时间越早效果越好。     

绝经后骨质疏松症与牙周病的关系

绝经后妇女体内雌激素水平降低,从而易患骨质疏松症。绝经后骨质疏松症的形成机制,已为广大学者所证实,但它是否是牙周炎的易感因素,是否会促进牙周炎的发展,目前尚无定论。本文就绝经后骨质疏松症与牙周炎之间的关系做一简要综述。