光化学搪瓷消毒产品的毒性试验研究

结果表明：光化学消毒产品中有害金属元毒锑、镉分别为０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ,铅未检出。ＬＰＯ体内试验,使用组和对照组体内脂质过氧化物含量无显著差异,ｔ＝０．３４８１,Ｐ＞０．０５。Ａｍｅｓ试验结果是光化学消毒的饮用水无菌株基因突变作用,Ａｍｅｓ试验结果阴性。在小鼠骨髓ＰＣＥ微核试验中,光化学消毒水对小鼠无致骨髓ＰＣＥ微核发生率升高的作用。小鼠精子畸变试验,光化学消毒水无致精子畸形作用。提示光化学消毒产品对人无毒无害,其安全性较好,其应用前景十分广阔     

大鼠脑组织固有频率测定

目的:确定正常及常见中枢神经损伤、外周神经损伤后大鼠脑组织的固有频率,为经颅磁刺激、经颅声波刺激等非侵入性脑刺激技术的频率选择及相关动物实验的开展提供依据。方法:24只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、坐骨神经损伤（SNI）模型组和脑缺血再灌注（MCAO）模型组,每组8只大鼠。SNI模型组行坐骨神经钳夹伤术;MCAO模型组行脑缺血再灌注损伤术;两模型组造模7 d后,3组大鼠逐步小心地打开颅骨、硬脑膜,暴露大鼠脑部。频率源输出频率,激光传感实时频谱观察、时频分析方法,得出特性曲线,确定大鼠脑组织幅值B最大时出现的固有频率。结果:每组大鼠脑组织幅值最大时的固有频率峰值较为接近,正常组大鼠为（27.04±2.12） Hz,SNI模型组大鼠为（27.57±2.19） Hz,MCAO模型组大鼠为（26.44±2.27） Hz。SNI模型组与正常组大鼠固有频率差异无统计意义（P>0.05）,MCAO模型组与正常组大鼠固有频率差异无统计意义（P>0.05）,MCAO模型组与SNI模型组大鼠比较固有频率差异无统计意义（P>0.05）。结论:脑组织的固有频率是相对稳定的,在SNI周围损伤刺激时,以及MCAO这一中枢损伤刺激时,脑组织的固有频率不会发生较大差异。     

Effects of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on testes in rats in vitro

The phthalate esters have been used as plasticizers for various plastic products, and their testicular toxicity has been reported. In this study, the effects of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), one of the phthalate esters, on prepubertal rat testes in vitro were examined. The testes of 20-day-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were cut into smaller pieces and seeded in medium, and then the specimens were obtained for light and transmission electron microscopic observations. As a result, at 1 hr after exposure to MEHP, TUNEL-positive spermatogenic cells were identified, and they gradually increased in number in time- and dose-dependent manners. Ultrastructurally, apoptotic spermatogenic cells (characterized with chromatin condensation, cytoplasm shrinkage without membrane rupture, still-functioning cell organelles, and packed cell contents in membrane-bounded bodies), necrotic spermatogenic cells (characterized with swollen and ruptured mitochondria, plasma membrane lysis, spilt cell contents, and chromatin clumps), apoptotic Sertoli cells (highly condensed nuclei and nuclear membrane lysis) and necrotic Sertoli cells (marginated chromatins along the nuclear membrane, some swollen and ruptured cell organelles, e.g. mitochondria) could be identified. Conclusively, based on transmission electron microscopic observations, MEHP treatment may affect spermatogenic cells, and lead them to necrosis. Thus, testicular tissue cultures and cell cultures are of advantageous for screening testicular toxicity of chemicals.     

少数民族与汉族大学生生殖健康知识认知差异的研究

目的了解西北民族大学大学生生殖健康现状,为大学生生殖健康教育政策与措施出台和实施提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法现场匿名书面调查,西北民族大学医学、理工、文科、艺术等专业约1 800名在校学生,内容为生殖健康需求、性态度、性卫生知识和性病知识等4个部分。结果认为自己接受过正规性知识教育的大学生占26.7%,53.2%的大学生愿意参加生殖健康选修课,36.1%的大学生认为生殖健康教育不会增加大学生性行为的发生率,52.1%的大学生认为没必要男女分开授课。57.5%大学生愿意接受婚前性行为,在未婚先孕上有34.5%大学生表示可以接受,在性生活经历方面25.5%的大学生经历过,46.7%大学生在性生活时采取避孕措施。大学生在性传播疾病的知晓率艾滋病占78.2%、淋病46.7%、梅毒48.4%、尖锐湿疣17.1%;知道事后紧急避孕药的大学生仅有20.3%;会计算安全期的大学生仅为28.9%;获取避孕工具的途慷药店58.5%、百货超市33.2%、自动售卖机18.2%、其他20.1%。结论应遮大学生中广泛开展生殖健康教育,探索一条适合本校的、能够满足大学生生殖健康卫生咨询及性病、艾滋病防治教育和培养大学生自我保护技能的有效途径。     

Significance of BMPR2 mutations in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating disease that results from progressive remodeling and inflammation of pulmonary arteries. PAH develops gradually, is difficult to diagnose, and has a high mortality rate. Although mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene has been identified as the main genetic cause of PAH, the underlying pathways involving the pathophysiology of PAH are complex and still not fully understood. Endothelial dysfunction has been observed in PAH development that results in a multitude of disturbances in the cellular processes in pulmonary vessels. Changes in the pulmonary vasculature caused by the disruption of BMPR2 signaling are observed in three main vascular components; endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. BMPR2 also has a prominent role in maintenance of the immune system. The disruption of BMPR2 signaling pathway causes an increased degree of inflammation and decreases the ability of the immune system to resolve it. Inflammatory processes and changes in pulmonary vasculature interact with one another, resulting in the progression of chronic PAH. In this review, we highlight the various components of vascular remodeling and immune response that are caused by disruption of BMPR2 signaling, including the clinical evidence and the prospects of these components as a potential target for PAH therapy. Indeed, development of drugs to target the pathogenic pathways involved in PAH may complement existing treatment regimens and improve patient prognosis.     

Disappearance of vimentin in Sertoli cells: a mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate effect

The effects of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on 21-day-old C57Bl/6N mice and their Sertoli cell cultures were studied. Mice were given a single dose of 800 mg/kg MEHP by oral gavage and sacrificed 24 h later. At the same time, testes were harvested from another batch of mice for Sertoli cell cultures. Cultures were subsequently exposed to 0, 1, and 100 nmol/ml MEHP for 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. An antivimentin antibody was used to detect intermediate filament changes in Sertoli cells. Meanwhile, detection of preapoptotic signals and presence of apoptotic cells were done using annexin V-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) and TUNEL (deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) analyses, respectively. In vivo results showed a correlation between the increase in TUNEL-positive cells and the vimentin disruption in treated mice. Toluidine blue staining of the Sertoli cell cultures showed the increased number and size of vacuoles in Sertoli cell cytoplasm. Vimentin immunohistochemistry showed gradual disappearance of vimentin in Sertoli cell cultures as time and dose increased. Some Sertoli cells were found to be annexin V-FITC positive, but no TUNEL-positive cells were found. Taken together, these results show that the appearance of vacuoles and the vimentin disappearance caused by MEHP in the Sertoli cells are related with each other and can be observed in relation to time. This can be used as an indicator of the loss of mechanical support for spermatogenic cells, which in the end causes apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.     

Bisphenol A-induced morphological alterations in Sertoli and spermatogenic cells of immature Shiba goats <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>: An ultrastructural study

Background and aims: There is no information currently available regarding the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on testes in ruminants. Therefore, to establish and clarify the effects of BPA in ruminants, testicular tissue cultures were obtained from immature Shiba goats.
Methods: The testes of 2-month-old Shiba goats were cut into smaller pieces and seeded in medium. At 1, 3, 6 and 9 h after administration of various concentrations of BPA, the specimens underwent light and transmission electron microscopic observations
Results: At 1 h after BPA treatment, vacuolization and nuclear membrane rupture appeared within the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of Sertoli cells. Such alterations tended to gradually increase in number in time- and dose-dependent manners. Thus, because of BPA treatment, apoptotic spermatogenic cells, necrotic spermatogenic cells, apoptotic Sertoli cells and necrotic Sertoli cells could be identified. Particularly in the Sertoli cell, ruptured vesicles could be found within the multivesicular nuclear body.
Conclusion: The treatment with BPA at a low concentration tends to lead spermatogenic and Sertoli cells to apoptosis, whereas a higher concentration tends to lead spermatogenic and Sertoli cells to necrosis. Therefore, this study showed that testicular tissue culture is an advantageous avenue for screening the testicular toxicity of chemicals in ruminants. (Reprod Med Biol 2004; 3 : 205–210)     

An ultrastructural study on the effects of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on mice testes: cell death and sloughing of spermatogenic cells

Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is a well-characterized testicular toxicant. In this study, morphological alterations of mice testes caused by repeated administrations of MEHP were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Prepubertal male mice were given a range of MEHP doses (600-900 mg/kg/day) for 3 consecutive days in corn oil by oral gavage. Control animals were given only corn oil. Thereafter, the testes were excised, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for light microscopy and/or 5% glutaraldehyde for transmission electron microscopy. Then, they were embedded, and sectioned. TUNEL analysis was done to quantify the occurrence of apoptosis in the testis. Cellular damages were also observed. Results showed that administration of 700 mg/kg of MEHP caused a significant increase in TUNEL-positive cells. At the same time, mice treated with higher doses of MEHP showed presence of degenerating (apoptotic and necrotic) spermatogenic cells. Appearance of small vacuoles in the Sertoli cell cytoplasm and displacement of spermatogenic cells were also observed. Sloughed and shed spermatogenic cells found in the tubular lumen were identified to be necrotic and apoptotic in appearance, respectively.     

大鼠坐骨神经固有频率测定

目的:确定实验大鼠坐骨神经的固有频率，观察不同状态下神经固有频率的变化，为神经再生修复研究中康复治疗仪器的频率选择提供参考。方法:将18只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、SNI 7 d组、SNI 28 d组，每组各6只，正常组不予干预，模型组行坐骨神经钳夹伤术。于造模后第7天通过振动平台对正常组、正常组的离体神经（即离体组）、SNI 7 d组，以及造模后第28天对SNI 28 d组大鼠施加振动频率源，在振动响应检测模块测得的数据基础上，根据频率特性曲线确定大鼠坐骨神经固有频率。结果:正常组、离体组、SNI 7 d组、SNI 28 d组大鼠坐骨神经频率特异性曲线均显示单一峰值；组间固有频率比较差异均无统计学意义（P=0.156）；组间两两比较显示，正常组与离体组、SNI 7 d组、SNI 28 d组比较，SNI 7 d组与SNI 28 d组比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。固有频率检测值总体均数为9.635 Hz。结论:实验大鼠坐骨神经固有频率约为9.635 Hz，且固有频率是相对稳定的，不会因其所处状态不同而发生较大变化。