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排序方式: 共有48条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A. Beyeler N. Kadiri S. Navailles M. Ben Boujema F. Gonon C. Le Moine C. Gross P. De Deurwaerdère 《Neuroscience》2010
Serotonin2C (5-HT2C) receptors act in the basal ganglia, a group of sub-cortical structures involved in motor behavior, where they are thought to modulate oral activity and participate in iatrogenic motor side-effects in Parkinson's disease and Schizophrenia. Whether abnormal movements initiated by 5-HT2C receptors are directly consequent to dysfunctions of the motor circuit is uncertain. In the present study, we combined behavioral, immunohistochemical and extracellular single-cell recordings approaches in rats to investigate the effect of the 5-HT2C agonist Ro-60-0175 respectively on orofacial dyskinesia, the expression of the marker of neuronal activity c-Fos in basal ganglia and the electrophysiological activity of substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) neuron connected to the orofacial motor cortex (OfMC) or the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The results show that Ro-60-0175 (1 mg/kg) caused bouts of orofacial movements that were suppressed by the 5-HT2C antagonist SB-243213 (1 mg/kg). Ro-60-0175 (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) dose-dependently enhanced Fos expression in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens. At the highest dose, it enhanced Fos expression in the subthalamic nucleus, the SNr and the entopeduncular nucleus but not in the external globus pallidus. However, the effect of Ro-60-0175 was mainly associated with associative/limbic regions of basal ganglia whereas subregions of basal ganglia corresponding to sensorimotor territories were devoid of Fos labeling. Ro-60-0175 (1–3 mg/kg) did not affect the electrophysiological activity of SNr neurons connected to the OfMC nor their excitatory-inhibitory-excitatory responses to the OfMC electrical stimulation. Conversely, Ro-60-0175 (1 mg/kg) enhanced the late excitatory response of SNr neurons evoked by the mPFC electrical stimulation. These results suggest that oral dyskinesia induced by 5-HT2C agonists are not restricted to aberrant signalling in the orofacial motor circuit and demonstrate discrete modifications in associative territories. 相似文献
2.
Quantitative liver function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low-dose methotrexate: a longitudinal study 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Beyeler C; Reichen J; Thomann SR; Lauterburg BH; Gerber NJ 《Rheumatology (Oxford, England)》1997,36(3):338-344
The objectives were to determine quantitative liver function prospectively
in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with low-dose
methotrexate (MTX), to search for risk factors for a loss of quantitative
liver function and to assess the relationship between quantitative liver
function and histological staging. A total of 117 patients with RA (ACR
criteria, 85 women, mean age 59 yr) had measurements of galactose
elimination capacity (GEC), aminopyrine breath test (ABT) and liver enzymes
[aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT),
alkaline phosphatase (AP), 7-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bile acids,
bilirubin, albumin] before treatment with weekly i.m. MTX injections and
every year thereafter. In 16 patients, liver biopsies were performed.
Before the introduction of MTX, mean GEC was 6.6 mg/min/kg [5th to 95th
percentile (5-95 PC) 5.1- 8.5; reference range 6.0-9.1] and mean ABT was
0.80% kg/mmol (5-95 PC 0.42-1.30: reference range 0.6-1.0). During
treatment with MTX [mean weekly dose 11.8 mg (5-95 PC 5.4-20.2), mean
observation period 3.8 yr (5-95 PC 0.4-6.9)], significant declines of GEC
(-0.12 mg/min/kg per year. t = 3.30, P < 0.002) and ABT (-0.06% kg/mmol
per year, t = 4.81, P < 0.001) were observed. Negative correlations were
found between the annual change in GEC and GEC at baseline (Rs = -0.40, P
< 0.0001), and the annual change in ABT and ABT at baseline (Rs = -0.43,
P < 0.0001). No correlations were found between the annual change in GEC
or ABT and weekly MTX dose, age or percentage of increased liver enzymes,
and no effect of a history of alcohol consumption > 30 g/week became
evident. Two patients with Roenigk grade III had impaired quantitative
liver function, while 14 patients with Roenigk grades I and II exhibited a
high variability of GEC and ABT from normal to abnormal values. The
continuous declines in GEC and ABT observed deserve attention in patients
with prolonged treatment. Patients with a low GEC or ABT at baseline seem
not to be at increased risk for a further loss of quantitative liver
function. An impaired GEC or ABT does not necessarily concur with hepatic
fibrosis on histological examination.
相似文献
3.
Knee effusion and reflex inhibition of the quadriceps. A bar to effective retraining 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H Fahrer H U Rentsch N J Gerber C Beyeler C W Hess B Grünig 《The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume》1988,70(4):635-638
In order to investigate the difficulty of quadriceps training in the presence of an effusion into the knee we examined 13 patients with chronic effusions by recording isometric muscle strength. Maximal strength was markedly lower in the presence of an effusion, and aspiration of the effusion produced a 13.6% increase in strength (p less than 0.01). A further, small increase of 8% was recorded after intra-articular lignocaine injection. Isometric strength and surface integrated EMG correlated well in six patients. Two reflex mechanisms seem to inhibit quadriceps innervation in the presence of a persistent knee effusion, one mediated by pressure sensitive receptors, the other still unknown. Joint aspiration and systemic or intra-articular anti-inflammatory drug treatments are advised before any programme of quadriceps training to allow maximum effects to be achieved. 相似文献
4.
5.
Rakhmatullina E Bossen A Höschele C Wang X Beyeler B Meier C Lussi A 《Journal of biomedical optics》2011,16(10):107002
We present assembly and application of an optical reflectometer for the analysis of dental erosion. The erosive procedure involved acid-induced softening and initial substance loss phases, which are considered to be difficult for visual diagnosis in a clinic. Change of the specular reflection signal showed the highest sensitivity for the detection of the early softening phase of erosion among tested methods. The exponential decrease of the specular reflection intensity with erosive duration was compared to the increase of enamel roughness. Surface roughness was measured by optical analysis, and the observed tendency was correlated with scanning electron microscopy images of eroded enamel. A high correlation between specular reflection intensity and measurement of enamel softening (r(2) ≥ -0.86) as well as calcium release (r(2) ≥ -0.86) was found during erosion progression. Measurement of diffuse reflection revealed higher tooth-to-tooth deviation in contrast to the analysis of specular reflection intensity and lower correlation with other applied methods (r(2) = 0.42-0.48). The proposed optical method allows simple and fast surface analysis and could be used for further optimization and construction of the first noncontact and cost-effective diagnostic tool for early erosion assessment in vivo. 相似文献
6.
A Prospective longitudinal evaluation of quality of life after abdominoperineal resection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gervaz P Bucher P Konrad B Morel P Beyeler S Lataillade L Allal A 《Journal of surgical oncology》2008,97(1):14-19
OBJECTIVE: Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is a disfiguring procedure, frequently associated with significant urogenital dysfunction. The aim of this prospective study was to repeatedly assess quality of life (QoL) 1, 6, and 12 months after APR. METHODS: Twenty patients who underwent APR between June 2002 and September 2005 were considered for analysis. QoL was assessed using two self-rating validated questionnaires developed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). RESULTS: All patients were free of recurrence at time of last interview. At 1-year follow-up patients reported significant improvement in global QoL [scores: 53 +/- 23 (1 month) vs. 70 +/- 15 (1 year), P = 0.01], and physical function (74 +/- 16 vs. 91 +/- 12, P = 0.001). Patients also reported significant improvement in symptoms such as fatigue (39 +/- 30 vs. 15 +/- 19, P = 0.01); and pain (33 +/- 31 vs. 10 +/- 14, P = 0.01). By contrast, there was no improvement at 1 year for the following items: body image (75 +/- 33 vs. 75 +/- 30, P = 0.99), sexual dysfunction (10 +/- 21 vs. 21 +/- 27, P = 0.40); and stoma-related problems (19 +/- 14 vs. 11 +/- 28, P = 0.34). CONCLUSION: One year after APR, patients demonstrated significant improvement in global QoL and tumor-related symptoms, while body image remained significantly altered. Similarly, treatment-related side effects did not improve over the time period considered. 相似文献
7.
Seraina Beyeler Savvina Chortarea Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser Alke Petri-Fink Peter Wick Stefan A. Tschanz 《Nanotoxicology》2018,12(7):699-711
The risks of occupational exposure during handling of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have received limited attention to date, in particular for potentially susceptible individuals with highly prevalent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this in vitro study, we simulated acute inhalation of MWCNTs employing an air–liquid interface cell exposure (ALICE) system: primary human bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients and healthy donors (controls), cultured at the air–liquid interface (ALI) were exposed to MWCNTs. To study acute health effects on the respiratory epithelium, two different concentrations (0.16; 0.34 µg/cm2) of MWCNTs were aerosolized onto cell cultures followed by analysis after 24?h. Following MWCNT exposure, epithelial integrity and differentiation remained intact. Electron microscopy analyses identified MWCNTs both extra- and intracellular within vesicles of mucus producing cells. In both COPD and healthy control cultures, MWCNTs neither caused increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nor alterations in inflammatory responses, as measured by RNA expression and protein secretion of the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, CXCL10, IL-1β and TGF-β and oxidative stress markers HMOX-1 and SOD-2. No short-term alteration of epithelial cell function, as determined by ciliary beating frequency (CBF), occurred in any of the conditions tested. In conclusion, the present study provided a reliable and realistic in vitro acute-exposure model of the respiratory tract, responsive to positive controls such as Dörentruper Quartz (DQ12) and asbestos. Acute exposure to MWCNTs did not affect epithelial integrity, nor induce increased cell death, apoptosis or inflammatory changes. 相似文献
8.
9.
Enrico Klotzsch Michael L. Smith Kristopher E. Kubow Simon Muntwyler William C. Little Felix Beyeler Delphine Gourdon Bradley J. Nelson Viola Vogel 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2009,106(43):18267-18272
Rather than maximizing toughness, as needed for silk and muscle titin fibers to withstand external impact, the much softer extracellular matrix fibers made from fibronectin (Fn) can be stretched by cell generated forces and display extraordinary extensibility. We show that Fn fibers can be extended more than 8-fold (>700% strain) before 50% of the fibers break. The Young''s modulus of single fibers, given by the highly nonlinear slope of the stress-strain curve, changes orders of magnitude, up to MPa. Although many other materials plastically deform before they rupture, evidence is provided that the reversible breakage of force-bearing backbone hydrogen bonds enables the large strain. When tension is released, the nano-sized Fn domains first contract in the crowded environment of fibers within seconds into random coil conformations (molten globule states), before the force-bearing hydrogen bond networks that stabilize the domain''s secondary structures are reestablished within minutes (double exponential). The exposure of cryptic binding sites on Fn type III modules increases steeply upon stretching. Thus fiber extension steadily up-regulates fiber rigidity and cryptic epitope exposure, both of which are known to differentially alter cell behavior. Finally, since stress-strain relationships cannot directly be measured in native extracellular matrix (ECM), the stress-strain curves were correlated with stretch-induced alterations of intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) obtained from trace amounts of Fn probes (mechanical strain sensors) that can be incorporated into native ECM. Physiological implications of the extraordinary extensibility of Fn fibers and contraction kinetics are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Targeted social distancing design for pandemic influenza 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Targeted social distancing to mitigate pandemic influenza can be designed through simulation of influenza's spread within local community social contact networks. We demonstrate this design for a stylized community representative of a small town in the United States. The critical importance of children and teenagers in transmission of influenza is first identified and targeted. For influenza as infectious as 1957-58 Asian flu (=50% infected), closing schools and keeping children and teenagers at home reduced the attack rate by >90%. For more infectious strains, or transmission that is less focused on the young, adults and the work environment must also be targeted. Tailored to specific communities across the world, such design would yield local defenses against a highly virulent strain in the absence of vaccine and antiviral drugs. 相似文献