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John G. Guccion Debra A. Benator Jack Zeller Basel Termanini Nirmal Saini 《Ultrastructural pathology》1995,19(1):15-22
Two cases of intestinal spirochetosis (IS) with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are reported. In case 1, a 48-year-old homosexual black man presented with a 1-month history of alternating watery diarrhea and constipation, which dissipated following the removal of two colonic hyperplastic polyps containing IS. In case 2, a 26-year-old homosexual black man presented with a 3-month history of persistent bloody diarrhea and was found to have chronic shigellosis and IS. Pathologic findings of IS were similar in both cases. Basophilic fringes typical of IS covered the surfacing colonic epithelium and consisted of dense growths of spirochetes adherent to and oriented perpendicular to the plasma membranes of the surfacing epithelium. The spirochetes measured 3 to 5 μm in length and 0.2 (im in width, contained four to eight axial fibrils, and closely resembled Brachyspira aalborgi ultrastructurally. These cases are notable because the histopathologic changes of IS were more extensive than generally described. There was involvement of both the right colon and rectum by IS in case 2, and in both cases there was extension of the IS down into the crypts of Lieberkiihn, spirochetal invasion of the colonic mucosa, and a conspicuous inflammatory response by macrophages in the underlying lamina propria. 相似文献
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Osteoblasts Generate Testosterone From DHEA and Activate Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells
Henry H Moon Katrina L Clines Patrick J O'Day Basel M Al-Barghouthi Emily A Farber Charles R Farber Richard J Auchus Gregory A Clines 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2021,36(8):1566-1579
Bone metastasis is a complication of prostate cancer in up to 90% of men afflicted with advanced disease. Therapies that reduce androgen exposure remain at the forefront of treatment. However, most prostate cancers transition to a state whereby reducing testicular androgen action becomes ineffective. A common mechanism of this transition is intratumoral production of testosterone (T) using the adrenal androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) through enzymatic conversion by 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3βHSD and 17βHSD). Given the ability of prostate cancer to form blastic metastases in bone, we hypothesized that osteoblasts might be a source of androgen synthesis. RNA expression analyses of murine osteoblasts and human bone confirmed that at least one 3βHSD and 17βHSD enzyme isoform was expressed, suggesting that osteoblasts are capable of generating androgens from adrenal DHEA. Murine osteoblasts were treated with 100 nM and 1 μM DHEA or vehicle control. Conditioned media from these osteoblasts were assayed for intermediate and active androgens by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. As DHEA was consumed, the androgen intermediates androstenediol and androstenedione were generated and subsequently converted to T. Conditioned media of DHEA-treated osteoblasts increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production, and cell numbers of the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines C4-2B and LNCaP. DHEA did not induce AR signaling in osteoblasts despite AR expression in this cell type. We describe an unreported function of osteoblasts as a source of T that is especially relevant during androgen-responsive metastatic prostate cancer invasion into bone. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. 相似文献
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Using sonography to reveal and aspirate joint effusions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fessell DP Jacobson JA Craig J Habra G Prasad A Radliff A van Holsbeeck MT 《AJR. American journal of roentgenology》2000,174(5):1353-1362
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - The current study aims to investigate the effect of cumulative exposure to violence on mental health amongst children and adolescents living in the Gaza... 相似文献
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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are scantly reported with poor contribution by healthcare professionals worldwide and in particular in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting and pharmacovigilance system among healthcare professionals in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah hospitals, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was designed addressing; awareness of ADRs, knowledge of pharmacovigilance system, availability of ADRs reporting system, patient counseling about ADRs and documentation of ADRs. The questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected healthcare professionals (n = 585) such as physicians, pharmacists, nurses and pharmacists’ technicians of hospitals. Completed questionnaires were collected and data were analyzed. Data were expressed in number as well as percentage. Of the 585 questionnaires circulated, a total of 384 healthcare professionals responded. Healthcare professional categories involved in the study were 148 physicians, 37 pharmacists, 158 nurses and 41 pharmacist technicians. The percent of the respondents who accepted to enroll in the study was 65.64%. Most of the respondents were unable to correctly define the pharmacovigilance term, but they were aware of ADRs. The awareness among healthcare professionals of the national pharmacovigilance system was 39.6%. Pharmacists had a good knowledge of pharmacovigilance and ADRs terminology and showed a more positive attitude to report ADRs. A greater number of the healthcare professionals were aware of ADRs reporting, but practically it is not implemented in hospitals. Most hospitals had follow-up documentation systems, but did not include ADRs reporting. There was no distinct pharmacovigilance system in place. Our study has demonstrated a lack of knowledge and awareness of pharmacovigilance and ADRs reporting among healthcare professionals in hospitals. The poor knowledge of ADRs reporting emphasized the urgent need to implement the appropriate strategies to improve the awareness of pharmacovigilance practices and ADRs reporting in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah hospitals. 相似文献
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