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排序方式: 共有356条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Olutobi Babatope Ojuawo Olufemi Olumuyiwa Desalu Ademola Emmanuel Fawibe Ayotade Boluwatife Ojuawo Adeniyi Olatunji Aladesanmi Christopher Muyiwa Opeyemi Mosunmoluwa Obafemi Adio Abdulraheem Olayemi Jimoh Dele Ohinoyi Amadu Abayomi Fadeyi Kazeem Alakija Salami 《African health sciences》2020,20(4):1655
BackgroundThe optimal management of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) depends on the clinical and microbiological profile in the locality.ObjectivesTo determine the clinical and microbiological profile of patients admitted with CAP in Ilorin, Nigeria.MethodsOne hundred and two consenting consecutively selected patients with clinical and radiologic confirmation of CAP were recruited in 12 months. The socio-demographic, physical examination and laboratory/radiologic parameters were documented in a questionnaire. Microbiological evaluation of their sputum was done and blood samples were taken for complete blood count, culture, serum urea and serological evaluation for atypical bacteria and some viral pathogens.ResultsCAP constituted 5.9% of the total medical admissions during the one-year study period. The mean age of the patients was 49 ± 22 years with the largest frequency in those aged 65 years and above. The commonest symptoms were shortness of breath (96.1%) and cough (94.1%), with a median duration of 3 days from symptom onset to admission. Systemic hypertension was the commonest comorbid illness (25/102; 24.5%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant pathogen isolated (20/102; 28.1%). The susceptible antibiotics were Imipenem, Ceftazidime and Ceftriaxone. Intra-hospital mortality was 17.6%. CURB – 65 score of ≥ 2 and the presence of complications of CAP were the independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionCAP constitutes a significant disease burden in Ilorin, Nigeria. Typical bacteria accounted for over half of the pathogens isolated from the patients with gram negative agents predominating. This highlights a possible shift in the microbiological profile which could guide empirical treatment. 相似文献
2.
Olugbenga Adebawo Bamidele Salau Esther Ezima Olamilekan Oyefuga Emmanuel Ajani Gbolahan Idowu Adekunle Famodu Odutola Osilesi 《Lipids in health and disease》2006,5(1):14-4
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor in etiology of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown association between
vegetarian diet and low total serum cholesterol as well as LDL-cholesterol which is a pointer to low risk of cardiovascular
disease. Dietary fiber, antioxidants and other classes of nutrients have been reported to ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors.
Fruits and vegetables being rich sources of fiber and antioxidants have been the focus in intervention studies. The current
work reports the effect local fruits and vegetables on cardiovascular risk factors in African hypertensive subjects in an
8 week study. Though there was no significant difference in the Body Mass Index and HDL-cholesterol at the end of the eighth
week, there were significant reductions (P < 0.05) in serum triglycerides (125.87 ± 6.0 to108.27 ± 5.49 mgdL-1); total serum cholesterol (226.60 ± 6.15 to 179.20 ± 5.78) and LDL-cholesterol (135.69 ± 5.56 to 93.07 ± 7.18 mgdL-1). We concluded that consumption of combination of local fruits and vegetables may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular
risk factors in Africans. 相似文献
3.
Ellen M H Mitchell Olusola Adedeji Adejumo Hussein Abdur-Razzaq Chidubem Ogbudebe Nkem Chukwueme Samson Bamidele Olorunju Mustapha Gidado 《JMIR Public Health and Surveillance》2021,7(3)
BackgroundThe greatest risk of infectious disease undernotification occurs in settings with limited capacity to detect it reliably. World Health Organization guidance on the measurement of misreporting is paradoxical, requiring robust, independent systems to assess surveillance rigor. Methods are needed to estimate undernotification in settings with incomplete, flawed, or weak surveillance systems. This study attempted to design a tuberculosis (TB) inventory study that balanced rigor with feasibility for high-need settings.ObjectiveThis study aims to design a hybrid TB inventory study for contexts without World Health Organization preconditions. We estimated the proportion of TB cases that were not reported to the Ministry of Health in 2015. The study sought to describe TB surveillance coverage and quality at different levels of TB care provision. Finally, we aimed to identify structural-, facility-, and provider-level barriers to notification and reasons for underreporting, nonreporting, and overreporting.MethodsRetrospective partial digitalization of paper-based surveillance and facility records preceded deterministic and probabilistic record linkage; a hybrid of health facilities and laboratory census with a stratified sampling of HFs with no capacity to notify leveraged a priori knowledge. Distinct extrapolation methods were applied to the sampled health facilities to estimate bacteriologically confirmed versus clinical TB. In-depth interviews and focus groups were used to identify causal factors responsible for undernotification and test the acceptability of remedies.ResultsThe hybrid approach proved viable and instructive. High-specificity verification of paper-based records in the field was efficient and had minimal errors. Limiting extrapolation to clinical cases improved precision. Probabilistic record linkage is computationally intensive, and the choice of software influences estimates. Record absence, decay, and overestimation of the private sector TB treatment behavior threaten validity, meriting mitigation. Data management demands were underestimated. Treatment success was modest in all sectors (R=37.9%–72.0%) and did not align with treatment success reported by the state (6665/8770, 75.99%). One-fifth of TB providers (36/178, 20%) were doubtful that the low volume of patients with TB treated in their facility merited mastery of the extensive TB notification forms and procedures.ConclusionsSubnational inventory studies can be rigorous, relevant, and efficient in countries that need them even in the absence of World Health Organization preconditions, if precautions are taken. The use of triangulation techniques, with minimal recourse to sampling and extrapolation, and the privileging of practical information needs of local decision makers yield reasonable misreporting estimates and viable policy recommendations. 相似文献
4.
W R Brieger J Ramakrishna J D Adeniyi M K Sridhar O O Kale 《Social science & medicine (1982)》1991,32(12):1319-1326
The planned global eradication of guineaworm (dracunculiasis) offers opportunities to learn about relatively complicated disease control situations. Unlike smallpox, which was eradicated over 10 years ago through immunization, the guineaworm problem has no one solution, but must rely on a variety of technologies to protect, treat or replace existing unsafe community water supplies which harbour the disease. Experiences in rural Nigeria have shown that a multi-strategy approach is necessary to account for differences in geographical settlement patterns, local culture and beliefs, geology of the area, economy of the villages and political clout of town leaders among the five major segments of the community. Through a self-help primary health care programme, residents of the Idere community were able to dig wells, produce and distribute cloth water filters bringing a reduction in disease incidence in some areas. It was also seen that generally low standards of living exacerbated by scattered outlying settlements made self-help difficult. Unfortunately occasional government and private efforts did not succeed because of a lack of community participation. Programme planners must involve the consumers in diagnosing these community characteristics and in planning, supervising and maintaining the resulting projects. The multi-strategy approach will help avoid wasted resources and false expectations that arise when project staff attempt to apply a "magic bullet" solution to a complex problem. 相似文献
5.
Gabriel Olaiya Omotoso Ileje Inelo Ukwubile Leviticus Arietarhire Fatima Sulaimon Ismail Temitayo Gbadamosi 《Pathophysiology》2018,25(4):299-306
Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating condition of the central nervous system which commonly affects young adults. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid isolate of Garcinia kola, has been used in experimental studies which explored its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-genotoxic properties. This work was aimed at unraveling the possible ameliorative effect of kolaviron on cuprizone-induced demyelination in the prefrontal cortices of Wistar rats. A total of 28 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups A–D. Group A received corn oil (Control), group B received 0.2% Cuprizone, group C received kolaviron (200?mg/kg?bw), while group D rats were treated concomitantly with both kolaviron and cuprizone. All groups were treated for 42 days, after which behavioral, histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses were carried out on the prefrontal cortices. Cuprizone significantly down-regulated the level of superoxide dismutase, exacerbated lipid peroxidation and, reduced spatial memory. Cuprizone also induced peripheral and central chromatolysis alongside with atrophied astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex. These alterations were significantly prevented in kolaviron-treated rats, as kolaviron sustained the integrity of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. The activity of kolaviron observed in this study was due to its intrinsic antioxidant properties, which enabled it to combat oxidative damage induced by cuprizone, thereby making kolaviron a potential tool in neurodegeneration therapy of demyelination origin. 相似文献
6.
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe Erhabor Sunday Idemudia 《Health care for women international》2017,38(1):17-37
Antenatal care (ANC) utilization is lower in Nigeria than the African average. We investigated the relationship between wealth and utilization of ANC and also assessed other determinants associated with ANC utilization in Nigeria. Using data of the most recent births within 5 years prior to a 2012 nationally representative survey, we modeled predictors of ANC utilization. Respondents in the wealthiest quintile were over five times (aOR = 5.5 (95% CI: 4.2–7.2) more likely to adequately use ANC. The odds of ANC use were generally lower among the poor and the least educated women living in rural areas who need ANC the most. 相似文献
7.
PB Shetty H Tang BO Tayo AC Morrison CL Hanis DC Rao JH Young ER Fox E Boerwinkle RS Cooper NJ Risch X Zhu;the Candidate Gene Association Resource 《Journal of hypertension》2012,30(10):1970-1976
OBJECTIVE:: Genetic variants in 296 genes in regions identified through admixture mapping of hypertension, BMI, and lipids were assessed for association with hypertension, blood pressure (BP), BMI, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). METHODS:: This study identified coding SNPs identified from HapMap2 data that were located in genes on chromosomes 5, 6, 8, and 21, wherein ancestry association evidence for hypertension, BMI, or HDL-C was identified in previous admixture mapping studies. Genotyping was performed in 1733 unrelated African-Americans from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Family Blood Pressure Project, and gene-based association analyses were conducted for hypertension, SBP, DBP, BMI, and HDL-C. A gene score based on the number of minor alleles of each SNP in a gene was created and used for gene-based regression analyses, adjusting for age, age, sex, local marker ancestry, and BMI, as applicable. An individual's African ancestry estimated from 2507 ancestry-informative markers was also adjusted for to eliminate any confounding due to population stratification. RESULTS:: CXADR (rs437470) on chromosome 21 was associated with SBP and DBP with or without adjusting for local ancestry (P?0.0006). F2RL1 (rs631465) on chromosome 5 was associated with BMI (P?=?0.0005). Local ancestry in these regions was associated with the respective traits as well. CONCLUSION:: This study suggests that CXADR and F2RL1 likely play important roles in BP and obesity variation, respectively; and these findings are consistent with those of other studies, so replication and functional analyses are necessary. 相似文献
8.
9.
Philip A. Adeniyi Azeez O. Ishola Babafemi J. Laoye Babawale P. Olatunji Oluwamolakun O. Bankole Philemon D. Shallie Olalekan M. Ogundele 《Metabolic brain disease》2016,31(1):93-107
The interaction between MDMA and Nicotine affects multiple brain centres and neurotransmitter systems (serotonin, dopamine and glutamate) involved in motor coordination and cognition. In this study, we have elucidated the effect of prolonged (10 days) MDMA, Nicotine and a combined Nicotine-MDMA treatment on motor-cognitive neural functions. In addition, we have shown the correlation between the observed behavioural change and neural structural changes induced by these treatments in BALB/c mice. We observed that MDMA (2 mg/Kg body weight; subcutaneous) induced a decline in motor function, while Nicotine (2 mg/Kg body weight; subcutaneous) improved motor function in male periadolescent mice. In combined treatment, Nicotine reduced the motor function decline observed in MDMA treatment, thus no significant change in motor function for the combined treatment versus the control. Nicotine or MDMA treatment reduced memory function and altered hippocampal structure. Similarly, a combined Nicotine-MDMA treatment reduced memory function when compared with the control. Ultimately, the metabolic and structural changes in these neural systems were seen to vary for the various forms of treatment. It is noteworthy to mention that a combined treatment increased the rate of lipid peroxidation in brain tissue. 相似文献