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1.
Alexandra B. Morshed Rachel G. Tabak Cynthia D. Schwarz Debra Haire-Joshu 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2019,51(2):237-244
Objective
To examine whether a healthy weight intervention embedded in the Parents as Teachers (PAT) home visiting program, which was previously found to improve mothers’ body mass index (BMI) and obesity-related behaviors, changed the BMI of preschool children or maternal feeding practices.Methods
This stratified randomized trial included preschool-aged children at risk for overweight whose mothers were overweight or had obesity (n?=?179). The Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) intervention was based on the Diabetes Prevention Program. Differences were examined using repeated-measures mixed-ANOVA models.Results
Compared with PAT usual care, the HEALTH intervention had no effect on children's BMI or maternal feeding practices. However, combined analyses showed that children's BMI percentile decreased (P??=?.007), BMI z-scores were maintained (P??=?.19), and 3 of 8 feeding practices improved over time (P < .05).Conclusions and Implications
Additional research is needed to assess the effectiveness of PAT to prevent preschool-age obesity using rigorous designs (eg, group-randomized trials) and to identify its active components. HEALTH is ready to be scaled up to prevent maternal weight gain through embedding within the national PAT program. 相似文献2.
Ragnhild B. Wijma Marloes Emous Merel van den Broek Anke Laskewitz Anneke C. Muller Kobold André P. van Beek 《Surgery for obesity and related diseases》2019,15(1):73-81
Background
Early dumping is a poorly defined and incompletely understood complication after Roux-en-Y gastric (RYGB).Objective
We performed a mixed-meal tolerance test in patients after RYGB to address the prevalence of early dumping and to gain further insight into its pathophysiology.Setting
The study was conducted in a regional hospital in the northern part of the Netherlands.Methods
From a random sample of patients who underwent primary RYGB between 2008 and 2011, 46 patients completed the mixed-meal tolerance test. The dumping severity score for early dumping was assessed every 30 minutes. A sum score at 30 or 60 minutes of ≥5 and an incremental score of ≥3 points were defined as indicating a high suspicion of early dumping. Blood samples were collected at baseline, every 10 minutes during the first half hour, and at 60 minutes after the start.Results
The prevalence of a high suspicion of early dumping was 26%. No differences were seen for absolute hematocrit value, inactive glucagon-like peptide-1, and vasoactive intestinal peptide between patients with or without early dumping. Patients at high suspicion of early dumping had higher levels of active glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY.Conclusion
The prevalence of complaints at high suspicion of early dumping in a random population of patients after RYGB is 26% in response to a mixed-meal tolerance test. Postprandial increases in both glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY are associated with symptoms of early dumping, suggesting gut L-cell overactivity in this syndrome. 相似文献3.
Jeroen M. van de Pol Jurjen G. Geljon Svetlana V. Belitser Geert W.J. Frederix Anke M. Hövels Marcel L. Bouvy 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2019,15(1):70-76
Introduction
The nature of community pharmacy is changing, shifting from the preparation and distribution of medicines to the provision of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS); however, often the provision of traditional services leaves little time for innovative services. This study investigated the time community pharmacists spend on the tasks and activities of daily practice and to what extent they are able to implement CPS-related services in daily practice.Methods
Self-reporting work sampling was used to register the activities of community pharmacists. A smartphone application, designed specifically for this purpose, alerted participants to register their current activity five times per working day for 6 weeks. Participants also completed an online survey about baseline characteristics.Results
Ninety-one Dutch community pharmacists provided work-sampling data (7848 registered activities). Overall, 51.5% of their time was spent on professional activities, 35.4% on semi-professional activities, and 13.1% on non-professional activities. The proportion of time devoted to CPS decreased during the workweek, whereas the time spent on traditional task increased.Discussion and conclusion
This study shows it is feasible to collect work-sampling data using smartphone technology. Community pharmacists spent almost half of their time on semi-professional and non-professional activities, activities that could be delegated to other staff members. In practice, the transition to CPS is hampered by competing traditional tasks, which prevents community pharmacists from profiling themselves as pharmaceutical experts in daily practice. 相似文献4.
5.
Mycenon, a new metabolite from a Mycena species TA 87202 (basidiomycetes) as an inhibitor of isocitrate lyase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mycenon (C11H5Cl3O3), a new inhibitor of isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1) was isolated from the culture broth of a basidiomycete, Mycena sp. Mycenon is a novel chlorinated benzoquinone derivative which is also active against bacteria and fungi. Malate synthase (EC 4.1.3.2) the second key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle was not affected by mycenon. Isocitrate lyase preparations from plants, bacteria and fungi were sensitive. The following Ki-values for mycenon have been determined: Ricinus communis, 5.2 microM; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, 11 microM; Neurospora crassa, 7.4 microM. The structure of mycenon has been determined by a single crystal X-ray analysis. 相似文献
6.
Mo Weijtens Anke van Spronsen Anton Hagenbeek Eric Braakman Anton Martens 《Human gene therapy》2002,13(2):187-198
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, has been ascribed to mature T cells in the graft. Because T cells play an important role in engraftment of the bone marrow and decrease the probability of relapse of leukemia, a treatment strategy was developed to preserve the benefits of T cells in the graft and to control the severe complications of GvHD. This can be accomplished by the genetic modification of donor T cells with a suicide gene that allows their selective in vivo elimination and subsequently the abrogation of GvHD. For clinical benefit the alloreactivity of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene-transduced T cells should be retained. Therefore, we investigated the influence of gene transduction and the selection procedure on T cells. We demonstrated that activation and culturing of T cells reduce their capacity to induce lethal GvHD in an allogeneic rat bone marrow transplantation model. Furthermore, positive immunomagnetic selection of gene-transduced T cells resulted in loss of the GvHD-inducing capacity of HSV-TK(+) T cells directly after MACS (magnetic cell sorting) selection; this loss could be recovered by a 1-day expansion of the selected T cells. No effect on alloreactivity was observed to be caused by the gene transduction procedure. Our study resulted in the development of an optimized culture and gene transduction protocol with preservation of T cell alloreactivity. Treatment of transplanted rats with ganciclovir resulted in a rapid reduction in the number of HSV-TK(+) T cells in the peripheral blood and in increased survival of the animals. 相似文献
7.
8.
Bernhard L mmle Mauro Berrettini Hans Peter Schwarz Mary Jo Heeb John B. Griffin 《Thrombosis research》1986,41(6):747-759
The immunoblotting technique was applied to the study of Factor XII (F.XII) in plasma. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of whole plasma followed by electroblotting of the electropherograms to nitrocellulose (NC) membranes and immunologic detection by a double antibody technique was used. 125-F.XII was transferred to the NC membrane in amounts proportional to the amount applied to the gel provided that a constant amount of carrier protein was present. Based on this, a quantitative assay was developed using either normal plasma or F.XII dilutions in F.XII-deficient plasma as standards. The measurement of F.XII antigen by immunoblotting was reproducible and gave values similar to those obtained by radial immunodiffusion. Two normal plasma pools contained 26 and 29 μ/ml of F.XII according to the immunoblotting assay. Compared to other immunoassays, immunoblotting has the advantage of directly estimating the apparent molecular weight (MW) of the protein of interest. Thus, we could confirm the normal apparent MW (80,000) of a F.XII-like molecule previously isolated from a cross reacting material (CRM)-positive F.XII-deficient plasma. None of eight CRM-negative F.XII-deficient plasmas showed an 80,000 MW immunoreactive molecule. However, five of these eight plasmas had a faint autoradiographic band at 115,000 MW that was similarly seen in only three out of 43 individual normal plasmas. The nature of this 115,000 MW band remains to be defined. 相似文献
9.
Cholangiocarcinomas (CC) frequently demonstrate lymphatic spread. We investigated lymph node (LN) counts after resection of
extrahepatic CC and survival based on the SEER 1973–2004 database. Out of 20,068 CC patients, 1,518 individuals were selected
based on M0 stage and at least one LN examined. Primary cancer sites included gallbladder (29%), extrahepatic bile ducts (26%),
and intrapancreatic/ampullary bile ducts (45%); 42% of patients were LN-positive. The median number of LNs examined was four
(range 1–39). Median survival was 37 months for LN-negative and 16 months for LN-positive cancers. Multivariate prognostic
variables were the number of positive LNs, primary site, age (all at p < 0.0001), gender (p = 0.002), size (p = 0.005), T category (p = 0.009), and total LN count (or number of negative LNs obtained, p = 0.01). The impact of total LN counts was seen in LN-negative (median survival, 1 vs 10 or more LNs examined: 27 vs 51 months,
p = 0.002) and LN-positive disease (10 vs 22 months, p < 0.0001). Survival prediction of extrahepatic CCs is strongly influenced by total LN counts and numbers of negative LNs
obtained. Although the resulting incremental benefit is small, dissection and examination of 10 or more LNs should be considered
for curative intent resections. 相似文献
10.