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1.
Intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) delays and slows down the progression of chronic diabetes complications (DCCT 1993).This type of treatment in children and adolescents with DM1 has a different complexity to other stages of life and therefore, needs specialized care units. Various documents and declarations of diabetic patient's rights are evaluated, and the need for an adequate health care is emphasized.In the last decade, several projects have been developed in Europe to create a benchmark treatment of pediatric diabetes, with the aim of establishing hospitals with highly qualified healthcare to control it.The Diabetes Working Group of the Spanish Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (SEEP) has prepared this document in order to obtain a national consensus for the care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in specialist Pediatric Diabetes Units, and at the same time advise Health Care Administrators to establish a national healthcare network for children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus, and organize comprehensive pediatric diabetes care units in hospitals with a reference level in quality of care.  相似文献   
2.
Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. In the present study, the association between NoV susceptibility and the ABO histo-blood group was studied during 2 outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in military units in Israel caused by genogroup II (GII) NoVs. The findings demonstrate that, unlike for genogroup I of NoV, there is no association between the ABO histo-blood group and clinical infection with GII NoVs. This is the largest study to test the association between NoVs, proven clinical infection with GII, and the ABO histo-blood group.  相似文献   
3.
This article describes a hitherto unreported involvement of the phosphatase PP2Cm, a recently described member of the branched‐chain α‐keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). The disease‐causing mutation was identified in a patient with a mild variant phenotype, involving a gene not previously associated with MSUD. SNP array‐based genotyping showed a copy‐neutral homozygous pattern for chromosome 4 compatible with uniparental isodisomy. Mutation analysis of the candidate gene, PPM1K, revealed a homozygous c.417_418delTA change predicted to result in a truncated, unstable protein. No PP2Cm mutant protein was detected in immunocytochemical or Western blot expression analyses. The transient expression of wild‐type PPM1K in PP2Cm‐deficient fibroblasts recovered 35% of normal BCKDH activity. As PP2Cm has been described essential for cell survival, apoptosis and metabolism, the impact of its deficiency on specific metabolic stress variables was evaluated in PP2Cm‐deficient fibroblasts. Increases were seen in ROS levels along with the activation of specific stress‐signaling MAP kinases. Similar to that described for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, a defect in the regulation of BCKDH caused the aberrant metabolism of its substrate, contributing to the patient's MSUD phenotype—and perhaps others.  相似文献   
4.

Background

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) mainly depend on alpha1-adrenoreceptors (α1-ADR) stimulation, but a link with oxidative stress (OS) is also involved. D-004, a lipid extract of Roystonea regia fruits, antagonizes ADR-induced responses and produces antioxidant effects. The objective of this study was to investigate whether D-004 produce antioxidant effects in rats with phenylephrine (PHE)-induced urodynamic changes.

Methods

Rats were randomized into eight groups (ten rats/group): a negative vehicle control and seven groups injected with PHE: a positive control, three treated with D-004 (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) and three others with tamsulosin (0.4 mg/kg), grape seed extract (GSE) (250 mg/kg) and vitamin E (VE) (250 mg/kg), respectively.

Results

Effects on urinary total volume (UTV), volume voided per micturition (VM), malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl groups (CG) concentrations in prostate and bladder homogenates were study outcomes. While VM and UTV lowered significantly in the positive control as compared to the negative control group, the opposite occurred with prostate and bladder MDA and CG values. D-004 (200-800 mg/kg) increased significantly both VM and UTV, lowered significantly MDA in prostate and bladder homogenates, and reduced GC levels only in the prostate. Tamsulosin increased significantly VM and UTV, but unchanged oxidative variables. GSE and VE unchanged the UTV, whereas VE, not GSE, modestly but significantly attenuated the PHE-induced decrease of VM.

Conclusions

Single oral administration of D-004 (200-800 mg/kg) was the only treatment that ameliorated the urodynamic changes and reduced increased oxidative variables in the prostate of rats with PHE-induced prostate hyperplasia.  相似文献   
5.
BACKGROUND: Since the sixties, when the optic fibers were reported, colonoscopy had emerged as the first line imaging investigation of the colon. AIM: To review the results of diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy at the Discipline of Coloproctology of the University of S?o Paulo Medical School, S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil, respecting the characteristics of an institution of medical education. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of basis related to 2,567 fibro colonoscopies between 1984 and 2002. The procedure was performed in hospitalized and in outpatients. The most common indications for colonoscopy were investigation of rectal bleeding and anemia (22.4%), change of bowel habit (14.76%), inflammatory bowel disease (8.65%) and carcinoma (7.25%). Bowel preparation with manitol was used by most of the patients. Sedation, when not contra-indicated, was administered. The most common combination was meperidine and benzodiazepine. All the exams were monitored with pulse oximeter. A normal colonoscopy to the point of maximum insertion was reported in 42.42% of procedures. The most common diagnosis was polyps (15.47%), followed by diverticular disease (12.86%). Inflammatory disease was recorded in 11.88% and carcinoma in 10.21%. Polypectomy was undertaken in 397 patients (2.21 polypectomy per patient with polyps). Colonoscopy was considered incomplete (when the colonoscope did not pass to the cecum or terminal ileum) in 181 (7.05%) cases. Perforation was reported in one patient who had a subestenosing retossigmoid tumor. In 0.42%, reasons for failing to complete the procedure included complication related to sedation, with no further prejudice for the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Colonoscopic examination of the entire colon remains the standard for visualization, biopsy and treatment of colonic affections. The incidence of complication of endoscopy of the large bowel is quite low, even in a school hospital.  相似文献   
6.
Activation of microglial NADPH oxidase (NOX2) plays a critical role in mediating neuroinflammation, which is closely linked with the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The inhibition of NOX2‐generated superoxide has become an effective strategy for developing disease‐modifying therapies for PD. However, the lack of specific and potent NOX2 inhibitors has hampered the progress of this approach. Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) is a widely used, long‐acting NOX2 inhibitor. However, due to its non‐specificity for NOX2 and high cytotoxicity at standard doses (µM), DPI has been precluded from human studies. In this study, using ultra‐low doses of DPI, we aimed to: (1) investigate whether these problems could be circumvented and (2) determine whether ultra‐low doses of DPI were able to preserve its utility as a potent NOX2 inhibitor. We found that DPI at subpicomolar concentrations (10?14 and 10?13 M) displays no toxicity in primary midbrain neuron‐glia cultures. More importantly, we observed that subpicomolar DPI inhibited phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)‐induced activation of NOX2. The same concentrations of DPI did not inhibit the activities of a series of flavoprotein‐containing enzymes. Furthermore, potent neuroprotective efficacy was demonstrated in a post‐treatment study. When subpicomolar DPI was added to neuron‐glia cultures pretreated with lipopolysaccharide, 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium or rotenone, it potently protected the dopaminergic neurons. In summary, DPI's unique combination of high specificity toward NOX2, low cytotoxicity and potent neuroprotective efficacy in post‐treatment regimens suggests that subpicomolar DPI may be an ideal candidate for further animal studies and potential clinical trials. GLIA 2014;62:2034–2043  相似文献   
7.
Changes in cannabinoid receptor expression and concentration of endocannabinoids have been described in Parkinson's disease; however, it remains unclear whether they contribute to, or result from, the disease process. To evaluate whether targeting the endocannabinoid system could provide potential benefits in the treatment of the disease, the effect of a monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor that prevents degradation of 2-arachidonyl-glycerol was tested in mice treated chronically with probenecid and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTPp). Chronic administration of the compound, JZL184 (8 mg/kg), prevented MPTPp-induced motor impairment and preserved the nigrostriatal pathway. Furthermore, none of the hypokinetic effects associated with cannabinoid receptor agonism were observed. In the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta, MPTPp animals treated with JZL184 exhibited astroglial and microglial phenotypic changes that were accompanied by increases in TGFβ messenger RNA expression and in glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA and protein levels. JZL184 induced an increase in β-catenin translocation to the nucleus, implicating the Wnt/catenin pathway. Together, these results demonstrate a potent neuroprotective effect of JZL184 on the nigrostriatal pathway of parkinsonian animals, likely involving restorative astroglia and microglia activation and the release of neuroprotective and antiinflammatory molecules.  相似文献   
8.
Objective: Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. extract (EPE) containing isoliquiritigenin and oxyresveratrol is believed to be an anticancer agent. This study evaluates colon histopathology, TNF-α, TGF-β, and hepatotoxicity on BALB/c mice colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) model treated with EPE. Methods: In vivo study was performed on BALB/c mice CAC model induced by 10 mg/kgBW AOM on the first day followed by administration that each cycle consisted of 5% DSS in water for seven days and regular water for seven days. The indicators of the formation of CAC were observed by a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and serum amyloid α (SAA) test. The treatment was conducted once a week started from the seventh week up to the twentieth week with six treatment groups: I was administrated by regular water only (negative control), II was administrated by AOM and DSS only (positive control), III was administrated by doxorubicin,  IV-VI were treated by EPE (0.25 mg/kg BW, 0.50 mg/kg BW, and 1.00 mg/kg BW) respectively. The colon and liver’s histopathology was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, TNF-α with immunohistochemistry (IHC), and level measurement of TGF-β colon with ELISA reader. The data were used one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc as statistical analysis. Results: The administration of EPE increased the expression of TNF-α, the total of goblet cells of the colon, and decreased the level of TGF-β. Administration of EPE 0.50 mg/20g BW decreased a liver histopathological score but induced a histopathological alteration of the liver at a dose of 1.00 mg/20g BW. Conclusion: This study indicate that EPE could be recommended as a colon anticancer through increase the goblet cells, induce apoptosis through increase TNF-α, and decrease TGF-β.  相似文献   
9.
10.
Six cases of constitutional aplastic anemia (Fanconi's anemia), including four boys and two girls who were between 6 and 10 years of age, are presented. Congenital abnormalities were observed in all the patients, especially skin pigmentations, renal anomalies, and growth retardation. The initial symptoms were insidious, mainly related to the anemia. All patients were anemic and thrombocytopenic, but only three were leukopenic. Five cases showed increased levels of fetal hemoglobin, which was marked in two. Bone marrow obtained by aspiration and/or biopsy was hypocellular in all cases. Chromosomal studies showed breaks, ring- or cross-chromosomes, chromosome exchanges, and endoreduplications. Five cases were treated with androgens and a good response was obtained in all of them. Four patients died, and the remaining two are alive and well. The clinical and biological features of these patients are in accordance with those of previous reports. The importance of the androgen therapy is stressed; androgen dependence was observed in all cases.  相似文献   
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