Intravenous kalipsol anesthesia in emergency otorhinolaryngology

This paper discusses the application of intravenous Kalipsol anesthesia in combination with Seduxen (Relanium) in 22 patients who underwent antro-mastoidectomy (expanded) and fronto-ethmoidectomy. No complications related to the method of anesthesia were identified. It is concluded that the use of Kalipsol anesthesia in urgent ENT operations provides better surgical intervention. This method ensures adequate analgesia during operation.     

Calcium metabolism in various forms of hypertrophy of the "hypertensive" heart]

To study the changes occurred in integral calcium metabolic parameters in evolving "hypertensive" heart, a total of 100 patients with Stage I-II (WHO Classification) were examined. Myocardial structure and function were echocardiographically examined. Plasma concentrations of ionized calcium were measured by direct potentiometry. Plasma levels of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone were measured by radioimmunoassay. As the "hypertensive" heart progressed, the ionization of serum calcium was found to enhance along with an increase in calcitoninemia. In early formation of the "hypertensive" heart, parathyroid hormone remained unchanged, but became elevated only in severe left ventricular hypertrophy. The findings may explain the features of the clinical aspects of variant left ventricular hypertrophies in the "hypertensive" heart.     

Control of Mammalian Cell and Bacteria Adhesion on Substrates Micropatterned with Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels

A simple method for controlling the spatial positioning of mammalian cells and bacteria on substrates using patterned poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel microstructures is described. These microstructures were fabricated using photolithography on silicon, glass or poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces modified with a 3-(trichlorosilyl) propyl methacrylate (TPM) monolayer. During the photogelation reaction, the resulting hydrogel microstructures were covalently bound to the substrate via the TPM monolayer and did not detached from the substrate upon hydration. For mammalian cell patterning, microwell arrays of different dimensions were fabricated. These microwells were composed of hydrophilic PEG hydrogel walls surrounding hydrophobic TPM floors inside the microwells. Murine 3T3 fibroblasts and transformed hepatocytes were shown to selectively adhere to the TPM monolayer inside the microwells, maintaining their viability, while adherent cells were not present on the hydrogel walls. The number of cells inside one microwell could be controled by changing the lateral dimension of the microwells, thus allowing only a single cell per microwell if desired. In the case of 30×30 m microwells, as many as 400 microwells were fabricated in 1 mm². In addition, PEG hydrogel microstructures were also shown to effectively resist the adhesion of bacteria such as Escherichia coli.     

Hardening of Additive Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel by Using Bimodal Powder Containing Nanoscale Fraction

The particle size distribution significantly affects the material properties of the additively manufactured parts. In this work, the influence of bimodal powder containing nano- and micro-scale particles on microstructure and materials properties is studied. Moreover, to study the effect of the protective atmosphere, the test samples were additively manufactured from 316L stainless steel powder in argon and nitrogen. The samples fabricated from the bimodal powder demonstrate a finer subgrain structure, regardless of protective atmospheres and an increase in the Vickers microhardness, which is in accordance with the Hall-Petch relation. The porosity analysis revealed the deterioration in the quality of as-built parts due to the poor powder flowability. The surface roughness of fabricated samples was the same regardless of the powder feedstock materials used and protective atmospheres. The results suggest that the improvement of mechanical properties is achieved by adding a nano-dispersed fraction, which dramatically increases the total surface area, thereby contributing to the nitrogen absorption by the material.     

Bleomycin in octaarginine-modified fusogenic liposomes results in improved tumor growth inhibition

Bleomycin (BLM) is an example of an anticancer drug that should be delivered into cytosol for its efficient therapeutic action. With this in mind, we developed octaarginine (R8)-modified fusogenic DOPE-liposomes (R8-DOPE-BLM). R8-modification dramatically increased (up to 50-fold) the cell-liposome interaction. R8-DOPE-liposomes were internalized via macropinocytosis and did not end up in the lysosomes. R8-DOPE-BLM led to a significantly stronger cell death and DNA damage in vitro relative to all controls. R8-DOPE-BLM demonstrated a prominent anticancer effect in the BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors. Thus, R8-DOPE-BLM provided efficient intracellular delivery of BLM leading to strong tumor growth inhibition in vivo.