论医药卫生法学专业学生实务能力的培养

加强医药卫生法学专业学生实务能力的培养,是实现医药卫生法学专业培养目标的需要.在教学中,通过运用案例教学法、讨论式教学法,开展模拟法庭、第二课堂活动,组织临床见习、毕业实习等途径,培养即有法律知识又有医药卫生知识的复合型人才.     

头孢噻肟在恶性血液病合并感染患者体内杀菌效价及临床疗效比较

目的 对比观察头孢噻肟（ＣＴＸ）与其他两种抗菌药物治疗方案对３０例血液病合并感染患者杀 菌活性（ＳＢＡ）及临床疗效。方法ＳＢＡ采用微量稀释法测定，临床疗效根据临床治疗登记表按三 级标准判定。结果与结论 头孢噻肟的临床反应最佳，杀菌作用时间维持较长，但对绿脓假单胞 菌和阴沟肠杆菌杀菌作用较差；呱拉西林（ＰＩＰ）与阿米卡星（ＡＮ）方案的抗菌谱广，但ＰＩＰ杀菌 作用时间较短，可考虑缩短给药间期，而ＡＮ可按一日一次给全日量的方案，以提高疗效减少不 良反应；头孢哌酮（ＣＰＺ）可主要用于绿脓假单胞菌感染，也可用于其它细菌的混合感染，但给药 间隔时间以一日三次为宜。     

3856例农村妇女病普查中宫颈炎资料分析

目的:了解农村妇女宫颈炎的发病情况及影响因素,提出干预措施。方法:对妇女病普查资料进行回顾性分析,将3856例被检查者按年龄、文化程度、避孕方法、妇科检查情况、白带化验结果、宫颈粘液检查结果归类统计。结果:宫颈炎的发病率为73.05％,发病率与年龄、受教育程度有关(P<0.01);阴道清洁度越差,宫颈炎发病率越高(P<0.05);发病类型以中度颗粒型糜烂最多,占27.49％,其次是轻度单纯型糜烂、中度单纯型糜烂,分别为13.51％、11.85％;宫颈炎伴有其他妇科疾病者占65.33％;使用带尾丝IUD组发病率最高,为94.48％,其次是应用避孕药组,避孕套组发病率最低(P<0.05)。结论:农村妇女中宫颈炎发病率较高,发病率与年龄、文化程度、阴道清洁度、STD感染有关,多伴发其他妇科炎症性疾病。防治宫颈炎的关键是早期发现和及时治疗,同时加强性卫生保健知识宣传教育。     

医务人员自身感染的原因分析

目前，国内同行对细菌引起病人医院感染的研究比较深入广泛。为了解医务人员自身感染原因及对工作和病人的影响，对本院医务人员自身感染的情况进行回顾性调查，将感染状况分析如下。     

Effects of chloride and potassium channel blockers on apoptotic cell shrinkage and apoptosis in cortical neurons

K⁺ and Cl^– homeostasis have been implicated in cell volume regulation and apoptosis. We addressed the hypothesis that K⁺ and Cl^– efflux may contribute to apoptotic cell shrinkage and apoptotic death in cultured cortical neurons. CLC-2 and CLC-3 chloride channels were detected in cultured cortical neurons. The Cl^– channel blockers 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS), 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (SITS) and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) inhibited the outwardly rectifying Cl^– current, prevented apoptotic cell shrinkage, and mildly attenuated cell death induced by staurosporine, C₂-ceramide, or serum deprivation. Cl^– channel blockers, however, at concentrations that prevented cell shrinkage had no significant effects on caspase activation and/or DNA fragmentation. Cell death in the presence of a Cl^– channel blocker was still sensitive to blockade by the caspase inhibitor z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone (z-VAD-fmk). Electron microscopy revealed that, although DIDS prevented apoptotic cell shrinkage, certain apoptotic ultrastructural alterations still took place in injured neurons. On the other hand, the K⁺ channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA), clofilium, or the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk prevented cell shrinkage as well as caspase activation and/or DNA damage, and showed stronger neuroprotection against apoptotic alterations and cell death. The results indicate that neurons may undergo apoptotic process without cell shrinkage and imply distinct roles for Cl^– and K⁺ homeostasis in regulating different apoptotic events.     

CT 对腮腺区肿块的诊断价值

评价ＣＴ对腮腺肿瘤的诊断价值。方法８８例腮腺区肿瘤进行ＣＴ平扫,ＣＴ增强扫描和／或腮腺造影ＣＴ扫描。结果：７８例为腺内肿瘤,其中７例为恶性;１０例为腺肿瘤。对ＣＴ肋腺区肿瘤定位准确,能准确显示肿瘤的范围,大小,数目及浸润情况。     

乙状窦后进路桥小脑角区手术并发症分析

目的总结乙状窦后进路桥小脑角区手术并发症的临床表现和发病机理,为临床医生提供相关观察指征和处理方法.方法回顾性分析1993年6月至2001年12月间进行的639例乙状窦后进路桥小脑角区手术的临床资料.结果639例患者中,出现的一般并发症有:眩晕、耳鸣、术侧唇部带状疱疹、暂时性面神经麻痹、皮下明胶海绵液化、伤口感染、眼睑下垂、脑脊液耳鼻漏等;严重并发症有:脑膜炎症22例,蛛网膜下腔出血3例,迟发性小脑血肿2例,化学性脑膜炎3例,应激性胃溃疡1例,脑血管意外致死亡1例.严重并发症发生率5.01%(32/639),经积极治疗,除死亡1例,其余均治愈出院.结论乙状窦后进路是切口小,难度大的手术,熟练的手术技巧是减少手术并发症的关键,及时发现和治疗是减少并发症死亡率的保证,了解并发症的类型和发病机理对预防和处理并发症是非常重要的.     

乐脉颗粒的质量标准研究

目的:完善乐脉颗粒的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱法对乐脉颗粒中赤芍、香附进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法对其主药丹参的主要有效成分丹参素进行含量测定。结果:乐脉颗粒中赤芍、香附色谱鉴别呈阳性;丹参素钠进样量在0.203μg～2.030μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均加样回收率为98.93%(RSD=1.04%)。结论:本研究所建立的质量标准适用于乐脉颗粒的质量控制。     

The Contrast Study on Serum Collagen Metabolism between Essential Hypertension and Normal Control

Objectives To investigate serum concentration of procollagen type Icarboxyterminal peptide (PⅠP), type Ⅲ aminopeptide (PⅢP) and type Icollagen telopeptide (ICTP) in essential hypertension (EH). Methods Serum levels of PⅠP, PⅢP and ICTP in 42 EH patients and 30 healthy control were measured by radioimmunoassays. Results In EH patients, serum concentration of PⅠP, PⅢP was significantly higher than that in 30 healthy control. Although EH patients did tend to exhibit a higher serum ICTP concentration than normal control subjects, the difference was not statistically significant. EH patients with left ventricular hypertrophy exhibited higher values of PⅠP (P < 0. 05) and lower values of ICTP (P < 0. 05) than EH patients without left ventricular hypertrophy. No significant difference was noted between the serum PⅢP of the EH patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy (P > 0.05 ). Conclusions The results suggest that PⅠP and PⅢP are sensitive serum markers of myocardial collagen synthesi     

环孢素A软胶囊囊材的处方优化

以软胶囊内容物中乙醇和1,2-丙二醇含量和环孢素A溶出率为指标,采用正交设计优化软胶囊囊材处方,通过稳定性考察结果优化制备工艺.结果表明,在囊材处方中加入高级多元醇,并在环境相对湿度25％、采用缓慢干燥工艺使胶皮水分在40 h内控制在8％,所制备的软胶囊较稳定.与市售环孢素A软胶囊相比,本品内容物中乙醇的迁移量减少,环孢素A的体外溶出行为相似.药动学研究表明,自制软胶囊与市售软胶囊在Beagle犬体内生物等效.