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Arman Zargaran Afsoon Fazelzadeh Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh 《World journal of surgery》2013,37(8):2002-2004
The development of surgery is indebted to scientists and surgeons from various civilizations throughout history. The present study considers surgery in the ancient Persian civilization. It highlights aspects of the subject, such as findings of the first trephinated skulls in Iran; surgeons’ social class (kareto baē?aza in the Avestan language—dating back 3,000 years); surgical operations such as cesarean section and procedures to treat breast cancer; and the use of anesthetic compounds and surgical practice in the military. It is hoped that this catalogue of historical evidence of surgical practice in ancient Persian civilization will contribute to the history of surgery, as an important field in medical science. 相似文献
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A. Fazlinezhad H. Fatehi S. Tabaee M. Alavi L. Hoseini H. Yousefzadeh 《Journal of the Saudi Heart Association》2012,24(3):201-204
The mitro-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) connects the anterior mitral leaflet to the posterior portion of the aortic annulus.The pseudoaneurysm of MAIVF is one of the uncommon but catastrophic complications of native or prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis or chest trauma.We report a case of infective endocarditis of mitral valve complicated by development of pseudoaneurysm of MAIVF, and fistulous formation causing massive shunt flow from the ascending aorta above the non-coronary cusp to the left ventricle outflow tract. 相似文献
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The present study examined anger expression and avoidant coping and their relationship to substance use and use-related consequences in a sample of 270 incarcerated adolescents. Outwardly expressed anger was significantly associated with both alcohol and marijuana use and use-related consequences. Avoidant coping was also significantly associated with all outcome variables. There were no significant interactions between anger expression (outward or inward) and avoidant coping. Collectively, results suggest that expression of anger and avoidant coping are independent risk factors for substance use and use-related consequences across two classes of drugs in adolescent offenders. 相似文献
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Moktar A Singh R Vadhanam MV Ravoori S Lillard JW Gairola CG Gupta RC 《International journal of oncology》2011,39(4):941-947
Exposure to cigarette smoke is well documented to increase oxidative stress and could account for higher risk of cervical cancer in smokers. Cervical pre-cancerous lesions that are initiated by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection generally regress in the absence of known risk factors such as smoking. 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is a highly mutagenic oxidative DNA lesion that is formed by the oxidation of deoxyguanosine. In the present study, we examined: a) the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on 8-oxodG formation in and its removal from HPV-transfected (ECT1/E6 E7), HPV-positive (CaSki) and HPV-negative (C33A) human cervical cancer cells, and b) the cell cycle progression and apoptosis in CSC-treated ECT1/E6 E7 cells. CSC induced 8-oxodG in a dose- (p=0.03) and time (p=0.002)-dependent fashion in ECT1/E6 E7 cells as determined by flow cytometry. A 2.4-fold higher level of 8-oxodG was observed in HPV-positive compared with HPV-negative cells. However, 8-oxodG lesions were almost completely removed 72 h post-exposure in all cell lines as determined by ImageStream analysis. This observation correlates with the 2- and 5-fold increase in the p53 levels in ECT1/E6 E7 and CaSki cells with no significant change in C33A cells. We conclude that: a) cigarette smoke constituents induce oxidative stress with higher burden in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells and b) the significant increase observed in p53 levels in wild-type cervical cells (ECT1/E6 E7 and CaSki) may be attributed to the p53-dependent DNA repair pathway while a p53-independent pathway in C33A cells cannot be ruled out. 相似文献
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Challenges in conducting research on sexual violence and HIV and approaches to overcome them 下载免费PDF全文
Annette Aldous Manya Magnus Afsoon Roberts Heather DeVore Theresa Moriarty Catherine Hatch Schultz Maria Zumer Gary Simon Mimi Ghosh 《American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)》2017,78(1)
Studies have implicated sexual violence as a strong correlate of HIV acquisition in women. Characterizing how such violence affects the female immune system may provide insight into the biological mechanisms of HIV transmission and ultimately improve global HIV prevention strategies. Little research has been carried out in this domain, and the obstacles to investigation can be daunting. Here, we describe methodological challenges encountered and solutions explored while implementing a study of dysregulation of immune biomarkers potentially indicative of increased HIV susceptibility in women following sexual assault. Challenges included accessing sexual assault survivors and defining sexual assault, promoting study participant well‐being during research engagement, reducing selection and information bias, collecting and processing biological samples, and adjusting for confounders such as reproductive tract infections and emotional and physical abuse. We found that many survivors of sexual assault welcomed the attention from study staff and felt empowered by the opportunity to help other women at risk for violence. Well‐trained research staff and well‐articulated community and medical partnerships were key methods to overcoming challenges while promoting the safety and welfare of vulnerable study participants. 相似文献
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Afsoon Fallahi Nona Khadivi Nima Roohpour Andrew M. Middleton Mehdi Kazemzadeh-Narbat Nasim Annabi Ali Khademhosseini Ali Tamayol 《Dental materials》2018,34(1):120-131
Objective
Denture adhesives are widely used to avoid the detachment and sliding of dentures. However, the adhesion properties can be affected by variation in mouth conditions such as the level of salivation. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of environmental conditions on the adhesion properties of a commercially available denture adhesive named as Poligrip® Free manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Ltd., UK and to identify the reasons for the observed variation in its adhesion strength.Methods
The failure mechanisms of denture adhesive have been assessed through using different physical, mechanical and thermal characterization experiments. All methods were used in different pH, temperatures, and salivation conditions and at the end, a strategy was proposed to overcome the failure of the paste in hyposalivation as well.Results
In vitro models mimicking the denture gingival interface were designed to evaluate the adhesion properties of the investigated adhesive. Changes in the adhesion strength in response to three major factors related to the oral conditions including level of salivation, pH, and temperature were measured. The results of lap shear, tensile test, and internal interactions suggested a cohesion failure, where the lowest adhesion strength was due to hyposalivation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and rheological analysis confirmed the importance of hydrogen bonds and hydration in the adhesion strength of the paste.Significance
The investigated scenarios are widely observed in patient using denture adhesives and the clinical reports have indicated the inconsistency in adhesion strength of the commercial products. After identifying the potential reasons for such behavior, methods such as the addition of tripropylene glycol methyl ether (TPME) to enhance internal hydrogen bonds between the polymers are proposed to improve adhesion in the hyposalivation scenario. 相似文献8.
Naeini AE Sharifi M Shahidi S Taheri S Seirafian S Taheri D Tazhibi M Hejazi SH Naini PE Harandi AA 《Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation》2012,23(4):677-683
Kidney transplant recipients are susceptible to various infections due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs. The present study was performed as studies on the prevalence of intestinal fungal and parasitic infections in kidney transplant recipients are limited. A total of 150 kidney transplant recipients and 225 matched immunocompetent outpatients, who were referred to the laboratory of Noor Hospital, Isfahan, were studied. After recording demographic characteristics, direct test and specific laboratory cultures were carried out on the stool specimens. Patients were instructed on sanitary rules and, during each medical visit, they were reminded of the same. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic and fungal infections was 33.3% and 58.7%, respectively, in transplant recipients and 20% and 51%, respectively, in the control group; the difference was not statistically significant. The most prevalent intestinal parasite was Entameba coli, which was seen in 9.3% of the study patients and 6.7% of the controls. The most prevalent fungus was Candida sp., which was seen in 22% of the study patients and 24.4% of the control group. Co-existing infection with two or more fungi was seen in 14.8% and 3.4% in the case and control groups, respectively; P <0.001. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection by a single organism between the two groups. However, co-existing infection with two or more species was more prevalent in transplant recipients. We conclude that further investigations are needed to evaluate the pathogenesis of infection with these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of foot infections. Among the risk factors that contribute to the development of diabetic foot infections are local neuropathy, vascular changes and depressed local host defenses. The microbiology of these infections is often complex and can be polymicrobial. Treatment of these infections depends on the severity and extent of infection. Treatment should involve a multi-disciplinary team approach involving surgeons and infectious disease specialists. The current recommendations for treatment are primarily based on expert opinion and consensus rather than clinical trials. No single agent or combination of agents has been shown to be superior to others. The aim of this review is to provide valid options of therapy, especially with regard to newer agents that are currently available for treatment of both soft tissue infections and osteomyelitis. 相似文献