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胸膜外入路与胸膜腔入路Nuss手术对照研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
目的 对胸膜外入路与胸膜腔入路钢板植入胸骨抬举术(Nuss手术)治疗小儿漏斗胸的效果进行比较.方法 2006年7月~2007年11月28例漏斗胸患儿按手术时间分为胸膜外入路组(n=12)和胸膜腔入路组(n=16),比较2组手术情况和疗效. 结果 2组均顺利完成手术,术中未发生气胸,无心包、心脏、肺损伤,手术结束漏斗畸形即校正.2组手术时间(34.4±3.4)min vs(33.4±5.9)min无统计学差异(t=0.524,P=0.605).胸膜外入路组术中出血量(2.5±0.5)ml显著少于胸膜腔入路组(7.5±2.6)ml(t=-6.542,P=0.000),但最大出血量仅有10 ml.胸膜外入路组住院时间(3.8±1.2)d显著短于胸膜腔人路组(5.6±1.8)d(t=-2.994,P=0.006).胸膜外入路组满意率为100%与胸膜腔人路组93.8%无统计学差异(P=1.000).胸膜外入路组皮下气肿、胸膜刺激征发生率显著低于胸膜腔入路组(0 vs 31.2%,P=0.053;0 vs 31.2%.P=0.053).28例患儿随访2~10个月,平均7.6月,所有患儿胸廓外形维持优良,无钢板及固定器移位、滑动或旋转,无肺感染. 结论 胸膜外入路与胸膜腔入路钢板植入胸骨抬举术治疗小儿漏斗胸安全、可行、有效.胸膜外入路与胸膜腔入路Nuss手术比较具有并发症少、恢复快、胸膜腔完整等优点. 相似文献
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目的:研究1个肝脏劈离成3个供肝单位的动物实验可行性.方法:普通级健康犬分成供体组(n=30,体质量20-25 kg)和受体组(n=30,体质量8-15kg),供受体随机配对.供体手术断离右外叶和右中叶、左中叶和方叶之间的2处肝组织桥,原位灌注后将左侧区、中央区和右侧区供肝各自的一级肝蒂在近主干处切断,移植物受体体质量比(graft-to-recipient weight ratio,GRWR)>1.0%且最接近1.5%的供肝入选为移植物,植入左侧区、中央区和右侧区供肝的受体分别分入A组、B组和C组.供肝背驮式植入受体,流出口和腔静脉壁端侧吻合,供肝一级肝蒂分别和受体门管三联的主干端端吻合.术后观察受体腹腔及胆汁引流,死亡后进行尸检,移植物取标本进行病理检查.结果:犬肝外观呈分叶状,深陷的叶间裂将各叶分隔开来,各叶间由较少的肝组织桥相连接,右外叶和右中叶间的肝桥组织较左中叶和方叶间的肝桥组织更薄更少,2处肝桥离断时均未发现有大的血管及胆管.门静脉主要分成左支、中支和右支;胆总管也由左、中及右肝管三支肝管汇合而成;肝动脉可存在变异;肝血液经由肝左、中、右3支静脉回流.3组供体的平均体质量、手术时间及失血量差异的比较无统计学意义.体内劈离技术全部得以完成,供肝无热缺血损伤.3组受体体质量、供肝质量和GRWR之间的差异均存在显著的统计学意义(P<0.01),但手术时间、无肝期、失血量及输血量间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).3组受体中无术中死亡者,30个供肝均成功植入,所有血管及胆道的吻合均不需要移植物间置,门静脉和动脉重建后均能排泌胆汁,各组新肝均无淤血、缺血区.3组受体存活时间分别为128.3 h±48.5 h、102.7 h±59.8 h和98.7 h±36.8 h,各组之间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.234).死亡后尸检均未发现有吻合口出血、血栓等外科技术性并发症者,移植物标本病理检查肝细胞无淤血肿胀和缺血坏死者.结论:此项动物实验证明:一个大受体的肝脏能劈离成3个部分,且每一部分都能作为独立完整的供肝移植给不同体质量的小受体. 相似文献
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目的 总结经脐单部位腹腔镜肾盂输尿管成形术的手术经验,分析其学习曲线规律,探讨影响手术时间长短的因素.方法 回顾性分析2009年6月至2013年6月由单个外科医生完成的89例经脐单部位腹腔镜下肾盂输尿管吻合术的临床资料.其中,男63例,女26例;左侧57例,右侧32例;年龄最小1个月,最大16岁,中位年龄6个月.除重复肾输尿管积水1例、异位血管3例、再次手术患儿5例外,其余常规肾积水病例80例进行学习曲线分析.所有患儿按常规步骤行经脐单部位肾盂输尿管成形术,记录并分析围手术期相关资料,以手术时间定义学习曲线.结果 所有患儿均成功接受经脐单部位腹腔镜肾盂输尿管成形术.常规80例患儿中,2例患儿术中增加1个新Trocar通道,无患儿中转传统开腹手术.术后有2例出现肾周积液,1例出现反复性泌尿系统感染,1例术后积水未见缓解,拟计划再次手术.平均手术时间为(91.6±16.6)min,平均术中出血量为(8.4±3.0) ml,平均术后住院时间(8.7±4.4)d.学习曲线显示有腹腔镜手术经验的单个外科医生需要累积20例左右的手术经验才能度过学习期.12岁以上患儿、肾盂膨胀大、再次手术者、异位血管、重复输尿管畸形为手术难点因素.结论 经脐单部位腹腔镜肾盂输尿管成形术手术例数的累积可以显著缩短手术时间.经过大约20例手术后,医生的手术熟练和稳定程度明显提高.经脐单部位腹腔镜肾盂输尿管成形术对于有腹腔镜经验的外科医生是一种易于上手,安全可靠的术式,值得临床推广应用. 相似文献
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目的 探讨气膀胱腹腔镜治疗膀胱输尿管连接处疾病的手术技巧.方法 回顾分析27例患儿的临床资料,其中输尿管远端狭窄12例(双侧2例,其中伴输尿管囊肿1例),原发性膀胱输尿管反流Ⅳ°-Ⅴ°共15例(双侧4例),共33根输尿管.在膀胱镜引导下注入CO2,建立气膀胱,经膀胱顶置入5mm目镜鞘管并固定,两侧放置3mm操作鞘管.膀胱内操作同开放Cohen手术,放置双J管,术后留置导尿3-5d.结果 27例气膀胱下完成手术,无中转开放手术.所有病例手术时间75-280min.术后轻度血尿13例,均在2d内消失.术后2周-1个月经尿道膀胱镜拔除双J管.随访3-12个月,VCU检查2例出现膀胱输尿管返流,无泌尿系感染.结论 CO2气膀胱下经膀胱内腹腔镜Cohen手术治疗膀胱输尿管连接处疾病安全有效,易操作,具有微创优势. 相似文献
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隐睾是小儿泌尿外科的常见疾病,其中约80%隐睾位于腹股沟管内.目前的标准术式是经腹股沟开放手术,但该手术需要切开腹股沟管,手术损伤大,且对于高位腹股沟型隐睾,仍有部分患儿因精索张力高睾丸下降位置不满意,部分患儿因过度游离腹股沟段精索致术后睾丸萎缩等. 相似文献
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Objective To assess the prognostic values of intraoperative bile flow and bile components in patients with biliary atresia. Methods The intrahepatic bile of 27 children with biliary atresia (BA) were collected intraoperatively. The bile collected from 17 children with choledochal cysts in surgery were studied as the control group. Bile flow was monitored in 7 cases. The concentrations of phospholipid, total protein (TP), bile acid (TBA), the total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL),total cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), γ- glutamine (GGT),alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in bile were measured. Patients with BA were followed for 1-6 months post-operatively. The information collected during the follow-up included the time when the jaundice disappeared,the blood biochemistry and onset of cholangitis. Results The bile flow of children with BA were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0. 05). The bile flow of children with BA whose operative age > 60 days or preoperative blood ALT > 150 U/L were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0. 05). The jaundice-relieving rate 2 months post-operatively in children with BA whose bile flow ≥0. 19 ml/min was significantly higher than that in patients whose bile flow <0. 19 ml/min (P<0. 05). The concentrations of phospholipid,TBA and DBIL in bile of children with BA were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0. 05). The concentration of ALT in bile of patients with BA was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 01 ). The concentrations of AST and TC in bile of children with BA whose jaundice have been relieved before the third month postoperatively were significantly lower than those in with persistent jaundice (P<0. 05). Conclusions The correlation between the intraoperative bile flow and the prognosis is significant in children with BA: the faster the bile flow, the better of prognosis. This suggested that the intraoperative bile flow can effectively predict the long-term prognosis of BA after Kasai operation. The change of bile components in bile of BA indicated that the hepatic function of BA is poor, the lower concentrations of phospholipid,TBA and DBIL in bile may be due to poor hepatic function. The correlations between the concentrations of AST and TC in bile and prognosis were significant:, the lower of the concentration of AST and TC, the better of prognosis. 相似文献
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