肺结核合并糖尿病研究进展

近十年来,糖尿病患者的不断增长对全球结核病的控制造成了威胁,糖尿病患者代谢紊乱、营养不良、免疫功 能损害是易并发肺结核的主要原因,合并糖尿病的肺结核患者症状严重,病情进展迅速,治疗效果欠佳,因而有必要 在糖尿病和肺结核患者之间进行双向筛选,重视合并糖尿病肺结核患者的早期发现,早期诊断和规范治疗将有助于 降低肺结核的发病率,对全球结核病的控制做出重要贡献。     

氯法齐明对不同耐药类型结核分枝杆菌的体外抑菌活性研究

目的 评价氯法齐明对不同耐药类型的MTB临床分离菌株的体外抑菌活性,为临床应用提供依据.方法 应用微孔板观察法,测定氯法齐明对MTB标准株H37Rv及临床分离敏感、单耐药、多耐药、耐多药和广泛耐药菌株各15株的MIC,并将氯法齐明对不同耐药类型的MTB菌株体外活性与异烟肼、利福平、阿米卡星、卷曲霉素和氧氟沙星进行比较.结果 氯法齐明对敏感菌株的MIC(0.06～4.00mg/L)高于异烟肼(0.06～0.25 mg/L)和利福平(0.06～0.25 mg/L),与氧氟沙星(0.06～2.00mg/L)、阿米卡星(0.06～4.00mg/L)和卷曲霉素(0.50～4.00mg/L)相似;氯法齐明对单耐药菌株的MIC(0.03～4.00mg/L)与异烟肼(0.06～0.25 mg/L)和利福平(0.06～0.25 mg/L)相似,低于氧氟沙星(0.25～8.00mg/L)、阿米卡星(0.06～4.00mg/L)和卷曲霉素(0.50～8.00mg/L);氯法齐明对耐多药菌株的MIC(0.06～8.00mg/L)与阿米卡星(0.25～8.00mg/L)相似,优于氧氟沙星(0.125～8.00mg/L)和卷曲霉素(0.50～8.00mg/L);氯法齐明对广泛耐药菌株的MIC(0.03～8.00mg/L)明显优于其他药物.结论 氯法齐明对MTB菌株,尤其是耐多药和广泛耐药MTB菌株,均有较好的体外抑菌活性.

Abstract：

Objective To study the in vitro antituberculous activities of clofazimine (CLF) to different drug-resistant types of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CLF and isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ofloxacin (OFLX), amikacin (AK), and capreomycin (CPM) against sensitive, single-drug resistant (SDR), poly-drug resistant (PDR), multi-drug resistant (MDR), and extensive-drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated clinically were determined by microplate assays.Results The MICs of CLF for sensitive, SDR, PDR, MDR and XDR strains of clinically isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis were 0.06 -4.00 mg/L, 0.03 -4.00 mg/L, 0.06 -8.00 mg/L, 0.06 - 8.00 mg/L, 0.03 - 8.00 mg/L.For the sensitive group, the MIC of CLF ( 0.06 -4.00 mg/L) was higher than that of INH (0.06 -0.25 mg/L) and RFP (0.06 -0.25 mg/L), while there was no significant difference among OFLX (0.06 -2.00 mg/L), AK (0.06 -4.00 mg/L), and CPM (0.50 -4.00 mg/L).For the single-drug resistant group, there was no significant difference among CLF (0.03-4.00 mg/L), INH (0.06-0.25 mg/L), and RFP (0.06-0.25 mg/L), but the MIC of CLF was lower than that of OFLX ( 0.25 - 8.00 mg/L), AK ( 0.06 - 4.00 mg/L ), and CPM ( 0.50 - 8.00 mg/L).For the MDR group, there was no significant difference between CLF (0.06 -8.00 mg/L) and AK (0.25 - 8.00 mg/L), but the MIC of CLF was lower than that of OFLX (0.125 - 8.00 mg/L) and CPM (0.50 -8.O0 mg/L).For the XDR group, the MIC of CLF (0.03 -8.00 mg/L) was lower than that of others.Conclusion CLF showed good in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially MDR and XDR strains.     

双环醇预防抗结核药物所致肝功能损害的近期疗效观察

目的 探讨双环醇对抗结核治疗的药物性肝炎的预防作用.方法 采用前瞻性研究,对40例住院的肺结核患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,前者予双环醇和抗结核药物联合治疗,后者进行常规抗结核治疗,观察药物性肝炎的发生情况.结果 20例治疗组无一例药物性肝炎发生,而对照组发生药物性肝炎3例,发生率分别为0%和15%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),经研究者判断,未发现与双环醇有关的不良事件.结论 双环醇可有效预防抗结核治疗的药物性肝炎.