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随着超声技术的进展及检查应用的普及,甲状腺结节的检出率也逐年上升。超声引导下细针抽吸细胞学检查因具有对结节良恶性诊断的高敏感性与特异性、安全简便且并发症少等优点而成为术前诊断的主要依据,减少了一些不必要的手术。尽管细针抽吸细胞学检查的诊断率高、应用广泛,但仍存在一定的局限性,其中重要的一点是无法得到满意的标本。标本取材对细胞学检查结果有较大影响。现就影响标本取材满意度的因素及解决方案予以综述。 相似文献
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临床资料患者男性,28岁。因“乏力、发热2d,咳嗽、咯血1d”于2011年12月25日人院。2d前劳累后出现乏力、发热,体温38.6℃,伴咳嗽、咳痰,初期痰中带有血丝,之后咯血约20mL,伴有轻微胸闷,无其他不适,遂就诊于我院急诊,以“肺炎”收住我科治疗。患者发病以来,精神、饮食及睡眠尚可,大小便正常。既往有高血压病史4年,未系统监测血压及服用降压药物。无其他慢性病史,无饮酒、吸炯嗜好,肥胖,体重120kg。无特殊家族史。 相似文献
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目的探讨微创方法行胸腔闭式引流的疗效及安全性。方法对56例胸腔积液、31例自发性气胸和2例液气胸的患者,采用猪尾导管行胸腔闭式引流,观察其治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果全部病例均顺利完成胸腔穿刺并行闭式引流,其中3例病人因导管堵塞行第2次引流,80例病人引流成功,肺复张或胸水明显减少,9例无效,总有效率89.9%。结论应用猪尾导管行胸腔闭式引流操作方便,创伤小,并发症少,具有较高的临床应用价值。 相似文献
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Objective To explore the risk factors of osteoporosis and the relation with pulmonary dysfunction in elderly patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Methods One hundred and eighty patients (82 females and 98 males) with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease (AECOPD) from March 2006 to June 2008 were selected in the study. The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae and hip joint were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). All the patients were divided into two COPD groups with and without osteoporsis. The smoking history, incidence of vertebral fractures, glucocorticosteroid using condition and so on were recorded. The pulmonary function, 6-minute walk distance(6MWD), body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin concentration were evaluated. Results The mean age of all patients was (72±7)years, and the average smoking amount was (59±27)pack years. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) was(36.46±9.8)%, and 30% of the patients had inhaled or oral glucocorticoids for more than 3 months. The BMD measurement results showed that BMD of 95% patients(171 cases) was lower than the normal level, and 119 cases (66%) had osteoporosis, including 61 males and 58 females (62%vs. 70%, x2 = 1.435, P=0.33), and 52 cases had (29%) osteopenia. Linear correlation analysis showed that BMI, 6MWD, RV% and FVC% had positive correlation with osteoporosis (r=0.362, 0.635, 0.688, 0.973;all P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of osteoporosis is high in elderly patients with moderate or severe COPD, and enough attention and active intervention shoule be paid. 相似文献
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目的 探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者发生骨质疏松的危险因素及与肺功能损害程度的关系.方法 选择COPD急性加重(AECOPD)入院治疗的患者180例(女性82例,男性98例),入院期间采用双能X线骨密度测定仪测定患者腰椎2~4节段和髋关节的骨密度,依据骨密度检测结果将患者分为COPD合并骨质疏松组和单纯COPD组,并记录所有患者吸烟史、骨折发生次数、激素使用情况等.入院期间测定肺功能、6min步行距离(6MWD)、体质指数(BMI)、血浆白蛋白水平等.结果 患者年龄65~79岁,平均(72±7)岁,平均吸烟量(59±27)包/年,第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%)为(36.5±9.8)%,其中30%(54/180)患者近期吸入或口服糖皮质激素大于3个月.骨密度测定结果显示,171例(95%)的患者骨密度低于正常,其中119例(66%)患有骨质疏松,男性61例,发生率62%,女性58例,发生率70%,性别间差异无统计学意义(x2=1.435,P=0.330),52例(29%)骨量减少.骨折发生人数女性15例(18%),略高于男性的12例(12%)(x2=1.281,P=0.258).BMI与骨质疏松相关(r=0.362,P=0.000),6MWD与骨质疏松相关(r=0.635,P=0.048),肺残气占预计值百分比(RV%)与骨质疏松相关(r=0.688,P=0.037),用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%)与骨质疏松明显相关(r=0.973,P=0.006).结论 骨质疏松是老年COPD患者主要的肺外表现之一,中、重度COPD患者骨质疏松发生率明显高于同龄健康人群,应给予足够的重视和积极的干预. 相似文献
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李考 《中国介入影像与治疗学》2019,16(6):382-382
<正>患者女,55岁,4年前因左侧外阴肿物、间断疼痛,于外院接受外科手术治疗,病理诊断为外阴腺样囊性癌,术后未行化疗;2周前自觉左侧外阴"蚕豆"大小肿物,外院PCT/CT可见左侧外阴代谢增高结节,提示肿瘤复发,为求进一步诊治来我院就诊。查体:外阴呈已婚经产式,阴毛分布正常,左侧大阴唇肿物约3.5 cm×2.5 cm,质稍硬,压痛明显,皮肤表面无破溃。超声检查:左侧外阴处可见3.2 cm×2.4 cm×1.7 cm不均质中低回声肿物,边界较清, 相似文献
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