云南西部三地带绦虫生物多态性分子遗传学标记的研究

目的利用分子遗传学标记对采自云南西部楚雄、大理和怒江三地带绦虫进行生物多态性研究。方法取云南楚雄株、大理株、怒江株和贵州从江株成虫节片,抽提线粒体DNA,PCR扩增线粒体DNA细胞色素B（mtDNA-Cytb）序列部分区段,并测序;结合GenBank中已知猪带绦虫和亚洲带绦虫mtDNA-Cytb序列,构建系统发育树。结果序列分析显示云南大理和怒江带绦虫mtDNA-Cytb序列部分区段完全一致,同源性为100%;云南楚雄和贵州从江带绦虫mtDNA-Cytb序列部分区段基本一致,同源性为99%。系统发育树显示云南怒江和大理带绦虫与台湾亚洲带绦虫的遗传距离较近,距云南楚雄、贵州从江牛带绦虫较远,与猪带绦虫则更远。结论云南大理和怒江带绦虫属于亚洲带绦虫,云南楚雄带绦虫属于牛带绦虫。mtDNA-Cytb序列分析可以用于带绦虫生物多态性研究。     

配戴RGPCL后水平彗差的变化及其与瞳孔中心位移的关系

目的分析RGPCL配戴前后,全眼球和角膜像差的变化情况以及与瞳孔中心位移之间的关系。方法前瞻性病例自身对照研究。21例志愿者（42眼）,平均年龄（26.7±4.1）岁,平均屈光度（-3.59±1.36）D,散光度（-0.67±0.24）D;用鹰视角膜地形图测量瞳孔中心相对于角膜中心的偏移量、瞳孔直径以及角膜像差,鹰视波前像差仪测量裸眼的全眼球像差。然后由同一名视光师给予验配美尼康RGPCL,在配戴RGPCL 1个月后回访,用相同仪器分别测量戴镜时的瞳孔中心偏移、瞳孔直径、角膜像差和全眼球像差。统计分析6 mm直径下的前4阶14项波前像差。采用配对t检验和相关分析对数据进行分析。结果配戴RGPCL 1个月后,双眼瞳孔中心向颞侧水平偏移,瞳孔直径轻微增大,其变化量如下：?譹?訛水平位移：右眼戴前为（-0.067±0.141）mm,戴后（-0.103±0.129）mm（t=2.240,P＜0.05）;左眼戴前为（0.059±0.159）mm,戴后（0.114±0.132）mm（t=-3.371,P＜0.01）。?譺?訛瞳孔直径：戴前为（3.69±0.61）mm,戴后为（3.91±0.49）mm（t=-2.865,P＜0.01）。角膜和全眼球的水平彗差变化均有统计学意义：?譹?訛角膜水平彗差减少,右眼戴前为（-0.104±0.075）μm,戴后（0.019±0.050）μm（t=-5.697,P<0.01）,左眼戴前为（0.127±0.074）μm,戴后（-0.001±0.079）μm（t=5.113,P<0.01）;?譺?訛全眼球水平彗差增加,右眼戴前为（0.012±0.072）μm,戴后（0.097±0.054）μm（t=-5.291,P<0.01）;左眼戴前为（-0.038±0.071）μm,戴后（-0.099±0.051）μm（t=4.378,P<0.01）。在这些有变化的参数中瞳孔中心水平位移分别与角膜和全眼球水平彗差差值呈负相关（r=-0.583、-0.534,P<0.01）;并且瞳孔中心水平位移与瞳孔直径的改变有较大相关性（r=0.501,P<0.01）。结论配戴RGPCL后,瞳孔中心发生颞侧向的水平位移,从而角膜和全眼球水平彗差也相应改变,原来的角膜和眼内彗差的互补平衡被打破。瞳孔直径的轻微增加可能是造成此种改变的原因之一。     

硬性透气性角膜接触镜的形变与角膜形态的关系

目的 探讨硬性透气性角膜接触镜(RGPCL)在眼表面的形状稳定性及角膜形态对其的影响.方法 22名志愿者42只眼,用鹰式角膜地形图测量角膜像差后给予验配RGPCL,同样仪器测量RGPCL的像差后派发给志愿者,连续配戴1个月后回访,分别测量戴镜状态下以及摘镜30 min后的角膜地形图.采用配对t检验、W检验及相关分析对数据进行分析.结果 RGPCL戴到眼表面后,主要表现为离焦C4增加,右眼为离体(1.003 ±0.131) μm,在体(1.065 ±0.160) μm(P =0.015);左眼为离体(1.003±0.130) μm,在体1.069(0.851,1.594)μm,(P =0.017),水平/垂直散光C5变负,右眼为离体(0.072±0.083) μm,在体(-0.312 ±0.232)μm(P＜0.001);左眼为离体(0.066±0.056) μm,在体(-0.349±0.242)μm(P＜ 0.001),以及球差C12增加,右眼为离体(0.264±0.039)μm,在体(0.295±0.048) μm (P＜0.001);左眼为离体(0.266±0.035) μm,在体0.290(0.215,0.471) μm(P ＜0.001).角膜像差在戴镜前后发生改变的像差项有C4,C5,C7和C8等.在体RGPCL像差C4、C5、C12均与相应的戴镜前角膜像差呈正相关(右眼:r=0.557、0.596、0.581,P＜0.01,左眼:r=0.684、0.497、0.543,P＜0.01).结论 RGPCL戴在眼表面后,镜片前表面有一定程度的变平,球差增加,并且出现趋向于角膜的散光.RGPCL的配适不宜过于平坦.     

硬性透气性接触镜停戴后角膜前表面像差变化分析

Objective The present study used a corneal topographic device to record aberrations on the anterior surface of the cornea at different time-points prior to wearing and following discontinued use of rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. The effect of wearing RGPCL on the anterior surface of the cornea was discussed to provide guidance for clinical refractive error correction. Methods The study objects were 60 eyes from 30 patients. All patients underwent identical examination procedures prior to lens use, as well as afterwards, including slit-lamp examination, non-contact tonometer measurement, computer optometry & corneal curvature measurement, subjective refraction test, and corneal topography analysis. The patients wore contact lenses every day for 1 month and then discontinued. Corneal topographies were recorded at certain time points of 30 min, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks following use. Results Total corneal aberration at each time point following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses was less than the time point prior to use. Detailed results are as follows; root mean square (RMS) (pre) = (1.438 ±0.328), RMS (30 min) = (1.076 ± 0.355), RMS (1 day) = (1.362 ± 0.402) , RMS (3 day) =(1.373 ± 0.398), RMS (7 day) = (1.387 ± 0.415), and RMS (14 day) = (1.448 ± 0.423) .Results showed that at 30 minutes after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, almost all 2nd-and 3rd-order aberrations were altered. Quadrafoil Z10 and spherical Z12 of the 4th-order were also changed. Alterations to Z5, Z6, and Z12 at 1 day after discontinued use were significant compared with the time period prior to RGP use: Z5 and Z6 decreased, and Z12 increased slightly( F =2. 869 ～5. 549 ,P =0. 001 ～0. 042). Z5 and Z6remained decreased at 3 days after discontinued use, but Z9 and Z10 continued to increase and Z12 returned to levels prior to RGP use ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). At 2 weeks after discontinued use, all aberrations were not significantly different from the values prior to use ( P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions The use RGP contact lenses greatly reduced total aberration of the anterior surface of the cornea. Changes to 2nd- and 3rd-order aberrations ( including Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, and Z8 ) were more significant. Following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, the majority of lower order aberrations returned to original levels in a short period of time. During this process, a transient higher order aberration appeared, but all changes disappeared within 2 weeks after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses.     

云南4个少数民族带绦虫分子鉴定研究

目的 利用分子遗传标志对采自云南西部彝族(楚雄)、傈僳族(怒江)、普米族(怒江)、白族(大理)等4个少数民族带绦虫标本作生物多态性的研究. 方法取云南彝族分离株、傈僳分离株、普米分离株、白族分离株和贵州从江分离株带绦虫成虫节片,提取线粒体DNA,PCR扩增线粒体DNA细胞色素B(mtDNA-Cytb)序列部分片段测序;结合GenBank中已知猪带绦虫、牛带绦虫和牛带绦虫亚洲亚种 mtDNA-Cytb序列,使用PHYLIP软件包运用最大似然法和最大简约法构建系统发育树.结果系统发育树显示云南傈僳族、普米族和白族带绦虫标本与台湾牛带绦虫业洲业种的遗传距离最接近,距云南彝族、贵州从江牛带绦虫标本较远,与猪带绦虫则更远. 结论云南傈僳族(怒江)、普米族(怒江)和白族(大理)带绦虫标本属于牛带绦虫亚洲弧种,云南彝族(楚雄)带绦虫标本属于牛带绦虫;mtDNA-Cytb 序列分析可以用于带绦虫生物多态性研究.     

分子标记技术在寄生虫分类鉴定中的应用

寄生虫在生物学上有差异的亚种和株具有不同的致病性, 其分类学对于寄生虫病的病原学、流行病学和防治等方面具有实际意义。DNA分子标记是以生物大分子的多态性为基础的遗传标记, 具备多态性高、无基因多效性、能够明确辨别等位基因等优点。本文综述第1代（限制性片段长度多态性、随机扩增多态性DNA等）、第2代（微卫星锚定PCR、简单重复序列间扩增等）和第3代（单核苷酸多态性）分子标记技术在寄生虫分类鉴定中的应用。     

胆囊癌的诊治体会

目的:总结胆囊癌的诊断和治疗的经验。方法:对于手术和病理确诊的胆囊癌33例资料进行回顾性分析,对胆囊癌的诊断、治疗、愈后等方面进行讨论。结果:无论采取何种术后,胆囊癌的愈后主要取决于nevin分期,nevinⅠ、Ⅱ期患者术后生存率明显高于Ⅲ—Ⅴ期。结论:早期诊断、早期治疗是胆囊癌愈后的关键。     

硬性透气性接触镜停戴后角膜前表面像差变化分析

Objective The present study used a corneal topographic device to record aberrations on the anterior surface of the cornea at different time-points prior to wearing and following discontinued use of rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. The effect of wearing RGPCL on the anterior surface of the cornea was discussed to provide guidance for clinical refractive error correction. Methods The study objects were 60 eyes from 30 patients. All patients underwent identical examination procedures prior to lens use, as well as afterwards, including slit-lamp examination, non-contact tonometer measurement, computer optometry & corneal curvature measurement, subjective refraction test, and corneal topography analysis. The patients wore contact lenses every day for 1 month and then discontinued. Corneal topographies were recorded at certain time points of 30 min, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks following use. Results Total corneal aberration at each time point following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses was less than the time point prior to use. Detailed results are as follows; root mean square (RMS) (pre) = (1.438 ±0.328), RMS (30 min) = (1.076 ± 0.355), RMS (1 day) = (1.362 ± 0.402) , RMS (3 day) =(1.373 ± 0.398), RMS (7 day) = (1.387 ± 0.415), and RMS (14 day) = (1.448 ± 0.423) .Results showed that at 30 minutes after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, almost all 2nd-and 3rd-order aberrations were altered. Quadrafoil Z10 and spherical Z12 of the 4th-order were also changed. Alterations to Z5, Z6, and Z12 at 1 day after discontinued use were significant compared with the time period prior to RGP use: Z5 and Z6 decreased, and Z12 increased slightly( F =2. 869 ～5. 549 ,P =0. 001 ～0. 042). Z5 and Z6remained decreased at 3 days after discontinued use, but Z9 and Z10 continued to increase and Z12 returned to levels prior to RGP use ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). At 2 weeks after discontinued use, all aberrations were not significantly different from the values prior to use ( P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions The use RGP contact lenses greatly reduced total aberration of the anterior surface of the cornea. Changes to 2nd- and 3rd-order aberrations ( including Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, and Z8 ) were more significant. Following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, the majority of lower order aberrations returned to original levels in a short period of time. During this process, a transient higher order aberration appeared, but all changes disappeared within 2 weeks after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses.