临床病理会诊遇到的情况及应对措施

<正>临床病理会诊在许多医院病理科属于日常主要的工作之一,会诊的病例逐年增多特别是综合性大医院,病例数明显呈上升趋势^[1]。病理会诊工作不但牵涉到医患之间、病理医师之间,而且涉及医院和医院之间多方面的关系,因此,总结临床病理会诊工作中遇到的情况以及寻找相对应的措施,对做好病理会诊工作、提高病理科医技人员的业务水平以及减少医疗纠纷具有十分重要的意义。1 临床病理会诊的意义明确疾病诊断,不论在三级甲等医院,     

心房颤动对不同心功能分级的患者血浆脑钠肽水平的影响

Objective To assess the effect of atrial fibriUation (AF) on plasma levels of NT-proBNP in patients with different cardiac functions. Methods One hundred and ninty-one patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) were divided into two groups: minor CHF group (NYHA Ⅰ/Ⅱ class) and sever CHF group (NYHA Ⅲ/Ⅳ class). In addition,84 patients without HF (non-HF group) were enrolled as control The plas-ma NT-proBNP were assayed and the effect of AF on the NT-proBNP levels was analyzed to determine inde-pendent of NT-proBNP levels in 3 groups. Results Patients with AF in non-HF had higher NT-proBNP levels than those with sinus rhythm (SR) [(2.95 ±0.41) vs (2.21±0.44) ng/L, P < 0.01], and multi-variables regression demonstrated that age, AF and left atrial diameter (LAD) were independent determinants of NT-proBNP levels (P <0.001). NT-proBNP levels in minor CHF were also higher in patients with AF than that in patients with SR [(3.26±0.40) ng/L vs (2.98±0.54) ng/L, P < 0.05] ; AF, LAD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) and left vontric-ular eject fraction (LVEF) were the independent factors of NT-proBNP levels (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference of NT-proBNP levels between patients with AF and patients with SR [(3.59±0.52) ng/L vs (3.56±0.55) ng/L,P =0.73] ; while age and LVEF were in-dependent factors (P < 0.05). In patients with LVEF < 0.40, AF had not significant affect on NT-proBNP lev-els [AF vs SR: (3.70±0.60) ng/L vs (3.46±0.56) ng/L,P >0.10]; however,AF patients with LVEF≥ 0.40, NT-proBNP levels were increased [AF vs SR: (3.08 ±0.57) ng/L vs (2.67±0.73) ng/L, P < 0.001]. Conclusion The effect of AF on plasma NT-proBNP was related with cardiac functions: in AF pa-tients without or with minor cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Ⅰ /Ⅱ class or LVEF≥0.40) ,NT-proBNP increased; in AF patients with sever cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Ⅲ/Ⅳ class or LVEF < 0.40), NT-proBNP had no sig-nificant changes.     

右室流出道与右室心尖部起搏对心脏收缩功能和左室重构的影响

目的评价右室流出道(RVOT)和右室心尖部(RVA)起搏对心脏收缩同步性、收缩功能和左室重构的影响。方法82例高度或III度房室传导阻滞患者随机分为RVOT起搏组(A组,n=43)和RVA起搏组(B组,n=39),以术前左室12节段达峰时间标准差(Ts-SD)是否>32.6ms对两组患者进行亚组分组,Ts-SD>32.6ms者为A1亚组与B1亚组,Ts-SD≤32.6ms为A2亚组与B2亚组。于术前及术后6个月分别进行超声心动图检查,测量舒张末左室容积(LVEDV)、收缩末左室容积(LVESV)、左室射血分数(LVEF),并采集组织多普勒图像(TDI)进行脱机分析,测量主动脉瓣射血前时间(APET)、肺动脉瓣射血前时间(PPET)、左室12节段收缩达峰时间(Ts),计算室间电机械延迟(IVMD)和Ts-SD。结果术后6个月,两组的IVMD均较术前增加;两组Ts-SD与术前比无差异。亚组分析表明术前同步性好的A2、B2亚组术后Ts-SD升高;术前同步性差的A1亚组术后Ts-SD降低。术后6个月两组LVEDV、LVESV及LVEF与术前比较均无差异,组间比较亦无差异。结论RVOT和RVA起搏短期内对左室收缩功能及左室重构均无影响,术前收缩不同步者可从RVOT起搏中获益。     

三尖瓣与下腔静脉间峡部血管造影评价281例随机使用8mm大头导管或盐水灌注导管患者房扑消融的疗效

目的:三尖瓣与下腔静脉间峡部(CTI)依赖性房扑的射频消融(RFA)可应用多种消融导管。最近的研究比较了冷盐水灌注RFA(ecRFA)导管和大头(8mm)导管,结果发现ecRFA导管用于CTI消融的效果可能更好。本前瞻性研究旨在依据CTI形态学分层对两种导管进行比较,以部分解释此前随机化研究结果的不一致性,并在临床、超声心电图和血管造影资料中确定复杂CTI消融的预测因素。     

宁心消痞方临床应用体会

笔者自拟宁心消痞方治疗心血管疾病兼有痞证,取得良好效果,现报道如下。1心痞证含义心血管病不少伴有胃脘部胀满不适、早饱、恶心等痞满证侯,同时一些痞证常有胸闷、胸痛、气短、心悸、心烦、失眠等心血管病症状,故将其称为"心痞证"。前者以心血管疾病为主,以痞满为次,属于"心痞证I型";后者以痞满为主,以心血管病症状为次,属于"心痞证Ⅱ型"。     

实时超声监测在建立经皮肾镜皮肤肾盂通道中的应用

目的评价实时超声监测在建立经皮肾镜皮肤肾盂通道中的临床应用价值。方法 346例患者接受经皮肾镜手术,在超声实时监测下建立皮肤肾盂通道,观察其效果。结果所有患者均成功建立经皮肾盂通道,未出现严重并发症。结论采用超声引导经皮肾镜穿刺定位准确,建立皮肤肾盂通道安全、可行、有效。     

心房颤动对不同心功能分级的患者血浆脑钠肽水平的影响

Objective To assess the effect of atrial fibriUation (AF) on plasma levels of NT-proBNP in patients with different cardiac functions. Methods One hundred and ninty-one patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) were divided into two groups: minor CHF group (NYHA Ⅰ/Ⅱ class) and sever CHF group (NYHA Ⅲ/Ⅳ class). In addition,84 patients without HF (non-HF group) were enrolled as control The plas-ma NT-proBNP were assayed and the effect of AF on the NT-proBNP levels was analyzed to determine inde-pendent of NT-proBNP levels in 3 groups. Results Patients with AF in non-HF had higher NT-proBNP levels than those with sinus rhythm (SR) [(2.95 ±0.41) vs (2.21±0.44) ng/L, P < 0.01], and multi-variables regression demonstrated that age, AF and left atrial diameter (LAD) were independent determinants of NT-proBNP levels (P <0.001). NT-proBNP levels in minor CHF were also higher in patients with AF than that in patients with SR [(3.26±0.40) ng/L vs (2.98±0.54) ng/L, P < 0.05] ; AF, LAD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) and left vontric-ular eject fraction (LVEF) were the independent factors of NT-proBNP levels (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference of NT-proBNP levels between patients with AF and patients with SR [(3.59±0.52) ng/L vs (3.56±0.55) ng/L,P =0.73] ; while age and LVEF were in-dependent factors (P < 0.05). In patients with LVEF < 0.40, AF had not significant affect on NT-proBNP lev-els [AF vs SR: (3.70±0.60) ng/L vs (3.46±0.56) ng/L,P >0.10]; however,AF patients with LVEF≥ 0.40, NT-proBNP levels were increased [AF vs SR: (3.08 ±0.57) ng/L vs (2.67±0.73) ng/L, P < 0.001]. Conclusion The effect of AF on plasma NT-proBNP was related with cardiac functions: in AF pa-tients without or with minor cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Ⅰ /Ⅱ class or LVEF≥0.40) ,NT-proBNP increased; in AF patients with sever cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Ⅲ/Ⅳ class or LVEF < 0.40), NT-proBNP had no sig-nificant changes.     

心电远程监测起搏器电极断裂致起搏功能障碍一例

随着起搏器功能的日益增多,植入起搏器作为治疗缓慢性心律失常的重要技术手段,已经挽救了数以万计患者的生命,但是在起搏器植入的过程中、植入术后仍存在一些并发症。本文通过心脏远程监测,详细记录了患者起搏器电极断裂的发现、处理过程,探讨了起搏器植入患者常遇到的问题及应对策略。     

哈尔滨市男男同性性行为人群HIV抗体阳转特点分析

目的 了解哈尔滨市社会组织发现的男男同性性行为人群(men who have sex with men,MSM)感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)的免疫状态及疾病进展,为MSM的检测策略提供依据.方法 2015年1月-2021年5月,选取哈尔滨市社会组织发现的35例...     

心脏再同步治疗在心功能不良伴心房颤动患者中的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨心房颤动（房颤）患者经过房室结消融后心脏再同步治疗(CRT)的临床疗效。方法 将80例在本院接受CRT的心功能不良患者按术前心律分为两组：房颤组（15例）、窦性心律组(65例),房颤组患者在CRT治疗同时行房室结消融。房室结消融和CRT术前收集患者基本信息如年龄、性别、心功能（NYHA分级）、病程、糖尿病和高...