胃肠道间质瘤kit、人血小板衍生生长因子受体α基因突变分析与临床病理研究

胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)是由突变的kit[1]和人血小板衍生生长因子受体α( platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha,PDGFRA)[2]基因驱动的消化道最常见的间叶源性肿瘤.kit和PDGFRA突变的确定不仅可以评价原发疾病的预后[3],而且可以判断靶向治疗的获益情况[4].本研究对106例GIST标本行kit和PDGFRA基因突变检测,分析其与临床病理关系.     

加速康复外科管理路径在直肠癌患者经自然腔道取标本手术中的应用

加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS）是基于循证医学依据的一系列围手术期优化处理措施,可减少患者痛苦,实现快速康复。目前ERAS理念已广泛应用于外科各领域。经自然腔道取标本手术是一种新兴的用于治疗直肠癌的术式。本文结合一例腹腔镜直肠癌切除术中的ERAS实践,总结ERA...     

FOLFOX-6与肝动脉灌注化疗对结直肠癌肝转移治疗效果的比较

Objective To compare the efficacy and side effects between systemic chemotherapy and hepatic arterial infusion by combination of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX-6) with 5-fluorouracil in the patients who have developed hepatic metastasis after colorectal cancer operation. The factors that would affect the prognosis without operational treatment were also analyzed. Methods 46patients who had signed the informed consents were allocated into two groups: the group with general chemotherapy (Trial Group includes 26 cases) and the one with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (Control Group includes 20 cases). The total effective rate, the prognosis, the cytoxicitic side effects,quality of life, the total survival rate and the responses were the main parameters determined. Kaplan-Meier was used to analyze Mono-factor to the prognostic responses and the Cox mode was used to analyze poly-factor to the prognostic responses. Results The overall survival rate was significantly higher by using systemic treatment versus HAI(median, 15. 0 v 11.2 months;P＜0.05). The difference in overall responsive rate (CR+PR) between the two groups was statistically significant (50% v 10%;P=0. 011). No significant difference was found in PS scale during the treatment. (P=0. 126). Except for myelosuppression and abdominal pain, no significant difference was found in the other side effects. Univariate analysis revealed that the invasive lesions to serosa, the distribution of liver metastases, the size and number of liver metastases, primary carcinoma involving lymph nodes and the treatment were correlated with prognoses. Cox regression analysis showed that the larger diameter of liver metastases, the number of liver lesions, primary carcinomas involved in serosal layer and the treatment modules were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions The oxaliplatin-based FOLFOX-6 chemotherapy regiment has a better responsive rate and survival rate than the traditional infusion with 5-fluorouracil to the main hepatic artery for interventional therapy. The diameter of the hepatic metastasis larger than 5em, multiple hepatic metastasis and the primary lesions penetrating serosal layer suggest the poor prognosis. The oxaliplatin-based systematic chemotherapy has a better prognosis. Therefore,it is worth carrying on further study on modification of traditional hepatic arterial infusion and on evaluation of therapy by combination of the hepatic arterial infusion with the systematic chemotherapy.     

西妥昔单抗治疗转移性大肠癌临床疗效的系统评价

目的 评价西妥昔单抗治疗转移性大肠癌的临床疗效.方法 全面检索2008年8月前发表的评价西妥昔单抗单药或联合化疗二线或一线治疗转移性大肠癌的临床试验,按纳入和排除标准筛选,提取入选试验的基本特征和临床疗效数据.对研究目的 相同的多项随机对照试验的临床数据采用RevMan4.2软件进行定量合并,对不符合定量合并要求的数据作统计描述.结果 符合选择标准的临床试验22项,其中8项随机对照试验,1项非随机对照试验和13项单组试验.8项随机对照试验的研究目的 和干预措施互不相同,未能进行定量合并.西妥昔单抗联合伊立替康二线治疗先前伊立替康治疗失败的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)表达阳性的转移性大肠癌有效率16.4%～23.0%,中位生存期8.6～10.7个月,一线治疗转移性大肠癌有效率42.0%～67.0%,中位生存期33.0个月.西妥昔单抗联合奥沙利铂一线治疗转移性大肠癌有效率46.0%～72.0%,中位生存期28.2～30.0个月.与KRAS突变型的转移性大肠癌相比,KRAS野生型患者能从西妥昔单抗联合化疗中获得更高的有效率和更长的疾病无进展生存期.结论 西妥昔单抗联合化疗治疗转移性大肠癌疗效肯定,KRAS基因状态可预测疗效.     

肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤综合治疗初探

目的：探索肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤的综合治疗方案。方法：2009年11月-2010年12月采用外科治疗联合生物免疫治疗对6例肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤患者实施综合治疗并密切随访。结果：随访12～24个月,6例均存活,其中1例术后第4个月发生肝转移,余5例均未见复发转移。结论：外科治疗联合生物免疫治疗可作为肛管恶性黑色素瘤的综合治疗方案之一。     

直肠癌术后直肠阴道瘘的治疗策略

 目的　探讨低位直肠癌术后直肠阴道瘘（RVF）的发生原因、治疗策略、治疗方式和临床结果。方法　回顾性分析低位直肠癌术后RVF 14例女性患者的临床资料,根据治疗策略分成A组（传统治疗10例）、B组（戊酸雌二醇结合非手术治疗4例）,比较两组治疗策略的临床结果。结果　A组10例患者中,8例行横结肠造口,其中7例RVF自然愈合,愈合时间为2～6个月,确定愈合后行横结肠造口还纳、消化道重建;2例因拒绝转流性造口而行非手术治疗,其中1例在 4个月时RVF自然愈合。B组4例患者中3例在1.5～2个月时自然愈合,1例因继发于直肠吻合口瘘,治疗2周期后RVF无愈合迹象,遂行横结肠造口,并在随访中。结论　RVF是中低位直肠癌术后少见但比较严重的并发症,采取戊酸雌二醇结合非手术治疗策略,不仅可以明显促进RVF的自然愈合,而且能大大缩短其愈合时间;转流性造口可在治疗失败后补充使用。     

直肠癌腹腔镜手术的临床分析(附169例报告)

目的:探讨直肠癌腹腔镜手术的应用价值及可行性.方法:为符合纳入标准的169例直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,观察手术特征数据、近期疗效、安全性及远期疗效等,并进行统计分析.结果:169例直肠癌腹腔镜手术中Dixon术85例,Miles 术83例,Hartmann手术1例.1例中转开腹.手术时间平均138 min,术中...     

肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤38例临床分析

目的 通过对肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床病理特征、诊断治疗及生存预后进行分析,规范手术方式,探讨综合治疗模式.方法 回顾性分析38例经手术治疗的肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床病理资料,分析其与预后的相关性.结果 本组38例患者中,男10例,女28例,平均年龄58.7岁（28～75岁）,行腹会阴联合切除术28例,局部扩大切除术10例.1、3、5年无病生存率分别为64.9％、18.5％、5.7％,1、3、5年总生存率分别85.8％、24.1％、6.4％.肿瘤厚度≥1.51 mm、肿瘤直径≥3 cm与淋巴结转移相关（x2值分别为13.093、4.449;P值分别为0.011、0.020）,且肿瘤厚度亦与远处转移相关（χ^2=11.965,P=0.018）.单因素分析显示,术后辅助治疗与无病生存相关（χ^2=7.441,P=0.006）;肿瘤厚度、淋巴结转移、临床分期与总生存相关（χ^2值分别为16.741、16.474、16.775;P值分别为0.002、0.000、0.000）.多因素分析显示,术后辅助治疗为无病生存的独立危险因素（95％CI 1.420～17.621,P=0.012）;肿瘤厚度、淋巴结转移为总生存的独立危险因素（95％ CI 0.250～0.949,P=0.035;95％ CI 1.033～2.573,P=0.036）.结论 早期诊断、合理选择手术方式、重视免疫治疗的多学科协作诊疗是提高肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤患者生存质量、延长生存期的关键.     

低位直肠癌术前放疗联合全直肠系膜切除术29例分析

<正>直肠癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,近年来发病率呈上升趋势。我们对进展期低位直肠癌采用术前常规分割三野等中心照射联合全直肠系膜切除术(TME)手术,分析比较其疗效及并发症,为进展期直肠癌新辅助治疗模式提供依据。