海员肺功能相关影响因素调查分析

Objective To investigate and analyze factors influencing the pulmonary function of seafarers. Methods The pulmonary function of seafarers and the control group was measured by Jaeger MS Diffusion Pulmonary Function Analyzer and the influencing factors were also investigated. Results Pulmonary function of seafarers decreased as the length of service increased, but had no significant differences. FEV1, FEV1/FVC ,PEF and MVV of the seafarers who smoked were significantly less than those who didn't smoke. FVC, FEV1/FTC and MVV of seafarers who worked in cabins were significantly lower than those who worked ondeck. The pulmonary funetion of seafarers who smoked were worse than that of the workers on the land, hutwithout significant difference. FEFso～ and FEF～ of seafarers who didn' t smoke were significantly lower thanthose of the workers on the land who didn' t smoke. Conclusions Smoking and work environment are thefactors influencing pulmonary function of seafarers, to which more attention should be paid.     

脉冲振荡法在评价支气管哮喘患者小气道功能中的应用

目的探讨脉冲振荡法（IOS）在支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）患者小气道功能中的应用价值。方法选取40例哮喘患者分别于急性发作期和缓解期应用IOS法和肺通气法检测其肺功能,并与40例健康者相关指标进行比较。结果IOS检测指标R5、Fre5、X5、R5-R20急性发作组明显高于缓解组和健康对照组（P〈0．05）;R5—R20等缓解组亦高于健康对照组（P〈0．05）,而R20两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;FVC、FEV1／FVC、FEV1、FVC％pred、PEF、PEF％pred、FEF5。％在急性发作期低于缓慢期和健康组,而缓解组和健康组间差异无统计学意义。结论哮喘缓解期患者通气功能恢复正常,但其小气道功能仍然存在异常;IOS法是哮喘病情监测有效的工具,较常规肺通气法其对小气道功能的检测尤为敏感。     

舒利迭吸入治疗支气管哮喘193例疗效观察

2004年5月～2006年10月,我科采用舒利迭吸入治疗支气管哮喘193例,疗效较好.现报告如下. 资料与方法:本组193例支气管哮喘患者,男106 例,女87例;年龄12～68岁,平均39.25岁.均符合中华医学会制定的支气管哮喘防治指南诊断及临床分度标准,病程1～30 a, 主要症状为咳嗽、反复发作性气喘、呼吸困难.     

海员肺功能相关影响因素调查分析

目的 调查海员的肺通气功能情况及其影响因素.方法 采用Jaeger MS Diffusion型肺功能仪测定海员及陆地工作人员的肺通气功能,分析其影响因素.结果 海员的肺功能随工龄段的增加有所下降,但无明显差异.海员吸烟者与不吸烟者肺功能比较,第1秒用力肺活量(FEV1)、第1秒用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、最大肺活量(MVV)均有降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).机舱工作者肺功能指标FVC、FEV1/FVC、MVV低于甲板工作者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).海员吸烟者肺功能与陆地工作吸烟者肺功能相比各项指标有降低,但差异无统计学意义,海员不吸烟者与陆地不吸烟者比较,FEF_(50%)和FEF_(25%)有降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 吸烟及工作环境对海员肺通气功能有一定影响,应予以重视.     

呼吸科1343例肺部感染患者病原菌分布与耐药性分析

目的分析呼吸科肺部感染患者的病原菌分布与耐药性,为临床应用抗菌药物提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析1343例肺部感染患者的临床资料。结果 1343例肺部感染患者痰培养阳性438例,占32.6%,分离出病原菌461株,其中革兰阴性菌372株,占80.7%,革兰阳性菌68株,占14.8%,真菌21株,占4.6%;病原菌排前5位依次为铜绿假单胞菌占26.7%、鲍氏不动杆菌占18.2%、肺炎克雷伯菌占13.4%、大肠埃希菌占11.1%、金黄色葡萄球菌占11.1%,革兰阴性菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南和美罗培南的敏感性好,耐药率均<9.5%;革兰阳性菌对替考拉宁、万古霉素和利奈唑胺的耐药率均为0,真菌对两性霉素B的耐药率为0。结论肺部感染患者常见病原菌均具有较高的耐药性,临床抗感染治疗中应加强耐药性监测,合理选用抗菌药物。     

海员肺功能相关影响因素调查分析

Objective To investigate and analyze factors influencing the pulmonary function of seafarers. Methods The pulmonary function of seafarers and the control group was measured by Jaeger MS Diffusion Pulmonary Function Analyzer and the influencing factors were also investigated. Results Pulmonary function of seafarers decreased as the length of service increased, but had no significant differences. FEV1, FEV1/FVC ,PEF and MVV of the seafarers who smoked were significantly less than those who didn't smoke. FVC, FEV1/FTC and MVV of seafarers who worked in cabins were significantly lower than those who worked ondeck. The pulmonary funetion of seafarers who smoked were worse than that of the workers on the land, hutwithout significant difference. FEFso～ and FEF～ of seafarers who didn' t smoke were significantly lower thanthose of the workers on the land who didn' t smoke. Conclusions Smoking and work environment are thefactors influencing pulmonary function of seafarers, to which more attention should be paid.     

ACT在基层医院支气管哮喘管理中的应用

目的观察并评估哮喘控制测试（asthma control test,ACT）在基层医院支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）患者管理中的应用情况。方法选取在烟台市烟台山医院哮喘门诊定期就诊的哮喘患者181例应用ACT测试,每月1次,观察哮喘患者的控制情况及治疗的依从性。在哮喘患者应用ACT前、应用ACT6个月后测定第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、FEV1占预计值百分比（FEV1％pred）和用力肺活量（FVC）、FVC占预计值百分比（FVC％pred）,并同时进行ACT评分。结果每月1次坚持应用ACT 181例,使用率100％：坚持规范化治疗170例,治疗依从性93．9％：症状完全控制率48．6％,部分控制率28．2％。应用ACT前FEV1％pred为51．57±17．46,ACT评分16．33±3．51。应用ACT6个月后,FEV1％pred为73．41±15．02,ACT评分22．40±3．13。治疗前与治疗后差异有统计学意义（t分别为25．651、35．536,P〈0．01）;ACT与FEV1具有良好相关性（r=0．80,P〈0．01）。结论ACT是一种简单且可信度高评估工具,能提高患者哮喘控制率及治疗的依从性,值得在基层医院中广泛推广应用。