“Driven and Tense,Stressed Out and Anxious”: Clinicians’ Perceptions of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Expressions in Adults with Autism and Intellectual Disability

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) seem to be at increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but knowledge is sparse regarding its identification in this population. Previous research indicates that certain symptoms of PTSD may be more easily recognized, and that identifying reexperiencing and avoidance is particularly challenging.     

Sustainability

Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy -     

One Week of Hospitalization Following Elective Hip Surgery Induces Substantial Muscle Atrophy in Older Patients

Objectives

Short successive periods of skeletal muscle disuse have been suggested to substantially contribute to the observed loss of skeletal muscle mass over the life span. Hospitalization of older individuals due to acute illness, injury, or major surgery generally results in a mean hospital stay of 5 to 7 days, during which the level of physical activity is strongly reduced. We hypothesized that hospitalization following elective total hip arthroplasty is accompanied by substantial leg muscle atrophy in older men and women.

Pharmacokinetics of ethylenediaminemalonatoplatinum(II) (JM-40) during phase I trial

Pharmacokinetics of the cis-platin analog ethylenediaminemalonatoplatinum(II) (JM-410) was studied in 28 cycles of 19 patients during the phase I study of this drug. The drug was administered intravenously by short-term (10-60 min) infusion. Doses ranged from 20 to 1,200mg m-2. JM-40 was determined in plasma ultrafiltrate and urine by HPLC. Platinum (Pt) concentrations were determined in plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate, urine and red blood cells by atomic absorption spectrometry up to 5 days after administration of the drug. Ultrafilterable Pt could be determined up to 45 days after the infusion in one patient sampled over such a long period. Pharmacokinetics of JM-40 showed a linear behaviour. The final half-life of total Pt in plasma was 4.1 +/- 0.9 days. The disposition of JM-40 was similar to that of ultrafilterable Pt in respect to t1/2 alpha (10 and 13 min), t1/2 beta (44 and 57 min), volumes of distribution Vc (11 and 121) and Vss (17 and 201), systemic clearance (256 and 223 ml min-1), renal clearance (69 and 73 ml min-1) and metabolic clearance (183 and 154 ml min-1). During the first 6 h 27 +/- 9% of the administered dose was excreted as JM-40. Cumulative platinum excretion in the urine amounted to 29 +/- 13% and 60 +/- 13% over the first 6 h, 24 h and 5 days, respectively. The uptake of platinum in red blood cells was limited, comprising only 0.24 +/- 0.12% of the administered dose. Although JM-40 and carboplatin are structurally closely related, pharmocokinetics and toxicity of JM-40 were more similar to cis-platin than to carboplatin.     

Growth hormone response patterns in sexually or physically abused boys

The ratio of growth hormone response to clonidine and L-dopa challenge was compared in 74 boys: 15 with purported physical abuse, 7 with purported sexual abuse, 13 normal controls, and 39 psychiatric controls. Sexually abused boys demonstrate a statistically significant elevated ratio of growth hormone response to clonidine versus response to L-dopa. Physically abused boys demonstrate lower clonidine/L-dopa growth hormone response ratios compared with controls. These effects widen with increasing physical development.     

Adrenoceptors on blood cells from patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon.

1. alpha 2-Adrenoceptors on platelet membranes and beta 2-adrenoceptors on lymphocytes were studied in 24 patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon and in 24 age- and sex-matched control subjects. In two subgroups, a standardized mental arithmetic test and a finger-cooling test were performed. 2. Baseline blood pressure, heart rate and forearm blood flow did not differ between the two groups. 3. Baseline skin microcirculation (laser Doppler flux) was decreased in primary Raynaud's phenomenon (19 +/- 15 arbitrary units) compared with control subjects (33 +/- 14 arbitrary units) (P less than 0.01). 4. Baseline plasma noradrenaline concentration (2.00 +/- 1.44 versus 1.16 +/- 0.36 nmol/l) and alpha 2-adrenoceptor density (301 +/- 119 versus 210 +/- 82 fmol/mg) were increased in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon in comparison with the control subjects. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor density/beta 2-adrenoceptor density ratio in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon was, with a value of 0.37 +/- 0.04, higher than in the control subjects, where a value of 0.25 +/- 0.02 was measured (P less than 0.001). Plasma adrenaline concentration, beta 2-adrenoceptor density and the antagonist affinity to both receptor subtypes did not differ between both groups under baseline conditions. 5. Whereas during the finger-cooling test no differences were seen in the responses of the parameters measured, the mental arithmetic test induced an increase in laser Doppler flux in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon and a decrease in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Autoimmune-mediated sympathetic hearing loss: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Damage to one inner ear is occasionally followed by contralateral sensorineural hearing loss. This has been defined as sympathetic hearing loss. HYPOTHESIS: It is hypothesized that autoimmunity can play a role in the pathogenesis of sympathetic hearing loss. METHODS: A male patient who developed right-sided sympathetic hearing loss at 20 years of age, 11 years after deafness of the left ear caused by a temporal bone fracture, is described. The patient's serum was analyzed for the presence of autoantibodies against inner ear tissues by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting using rat inner ear tissues. The patient's serum was tested specifically for antibodies against heat shock protein 70 by immunodot blot. The presence of autoantibodies known to play a role in systemic autoimmune disease was also examined. RESULTS: Immunocytochemistry on rat temporal bone sections demonstrated autoantibodies in the patient's serum specifically targeted against cochlear outer hair cells. No reactivity of the patient's serum was observed with control tissues including kidney, brain, and liver. Western blotting using homogenized rat cochlear tissues showed that the patient's serum reacted with a 25- and 27-kDa protein. No reactivity was observed with heat shock protein 70 in the immunodot blot analysis. The patient's serum did not contain autoantibodies against antinuclear antibodies, double-stranded DNA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, basement membrane, reticulin, intestinal mucosa, muscle, collagen, or mitochondria. CONCLUSION: Observations indicate that this patient suffered sympathetic hearing loss caused by organospecific autoimmunity directed to cochlear outer hair cells.     

Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Wirkung der in der Diagnostik Verabfolgten Röntgenstrahlendosen

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