Dipole-tracing of 'awareness' attenuating the cortical components of somatosensory evoked potentials

Using the dipole-tracing method, the source generators of N18, P22 and P40 of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) were estimated as the equivalent dipole. After voluntary action of the thumb flexion, no changes were observed in N18 or P40, but the amplitude of P22 was suppressed. The after-effects of intention accompanied by a voluntary action or the subject's awareness that electrical stimulation will be given after the voluntary action were treated as 'awareness'. By subtracting the pure SEP from SEP during 'awareness', it was found that the equivalent dipole of 'awareness' of P22 was located at the same region of pure P22, but the vector was of opposite orientation. 'Awareness' attenuated the perceptive potential of SEP like P22 generated in the cortex.     

Anatomical basis of hepatic venographic alterations in idiopathic portal hypertension

ABSTRACT— Hepatic venograms made in 40 authentic cases of idiopathic portal hypertension (Banti's syndrome) were compared with 13 normal venograms and venograms obtained in 88 cases of cirrhosis, and analyzed in the light of the pathological changes seen in 16 postmortem liver specimens. There were frequent anastomoses between hepatic vein radicles, approximation of middle-size branches to the liver surface, reduction in the angles between the main hepatic vein and its tributaries, and difficulty in opacifying portal vein branches in wedged retrograde portography. These angiographic alterations were corroborated by gross pathological findings which comprised displacement of middle-size hepatic vein branches closer to the liver surface and their approximation among themselves, and seem to be accounted for by the disappearance of liver parenchyma secondary to the peripheral portal circulatory failure.     

Effects of caloric restriction on the kinetics of indocyanine green in patients with liver diseases and in the rat

The effect of caloric restriction on the hepatic uptake and excretion of indocyanine green (ICG) was studied in man as well as in rats. It was demonstrated that following a 72-hr caloric restriction in man, the plasma clearance rate for ICG was increased significantly at the low dose of 0.5 mg/kg, and transport maximum was increased without a significant change of storage capacity. In rats, the maximal biliary excretion was significantly increased after 48-hr fast, but neither maximal hepatic uptake (V _max) nor hepatic ICG content was altered. The evidence is consistent with the view that fasting increases the ICG plasma clearance at low doses by enhancement of excretory steps at the bile canalicular membrane.     

Effects of intra- and extrahepatic portal systemic shunts on insulin metabolism

To study the effects of intra- and extrahepatic portal-systemic shunts on insulin degradation, 11 patients with liver cirrhosis and 7 noncirrhotic patients with liver disease were studied with percutaneous transhepatic catheterization. Insulin levels in portal and peripheral blood were measured simultaneously for 1-2 hr after intravenous administration of glucose. The degrees of intra- and extrahepatic portal-systemic shunting were measured with this technique using 131I-macroaggregated albumin and 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin. The amount of insulin secreted and insulin degraded were assessed from the areas under blood concentration curves for portal and peripheral blood. Insulin degradation was significantly reduced in cirrhotics compared to noncirrhotics with liver disease, although there was no difference in the amount of insulin secreted between these two groups. It was also correlated significantly with the degree of intrahepatic shunting but not with the degree of extrahepatic shunting. These results suggest that intrahepatic shunting plays an important role in the reduction of insulin degradation in cirrhosis.     

Direct C–H functionalization of difluoroboron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) at β-position by iodonium salts

A copper-catalyzed direct C–H arylation or vinylation of BODIPYs at the β-position by iodonium salts has been developed, which provides facile access to a variety of mono-substituted BODIPY dyes. Interestingly, β-styryl BODIPY compound 9b exhibits apparent cytotoxicity after laser irradiation, which has great potential for photodynamic therapy.

A copper-catalyzed direct C–H arylation or vinylation of BODIPYs at the β-position by iodonium salts has been developed and β-styryl BODIPY 9b has great potential for photodynamic therapy.     

新疆克州静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素及发病特征分析

目的研究克州静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的危险因素和发病特征。 方法分析我院近3年收治的VTE患者的临床资料。根据是否与住院及手术相关,分为医院相关性VTE（HA VTE）和社区相关性VTE（CA VTE）。调查患者的VTE危险因素,分析不同部位类型的下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）合并下腔静脉血栓或肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）的差异。 结果共纳入81例VTE患者,其中CA VTE 63例,HA VTE 18例,前者是后者的3.5倍。CA VTE的危险因素以肥胖（28.57%）、创伤或骨折（19.05%）、卧床（17.46%）为主,尚有15.87%的病例未能明确危险因素。HA VTE的危险因素以外科手术（66.67%）为主,其中又以骨科（6例）、妇产科手术（2例）最为常见。左下肢、右下肢、双侧下肢DVT的构成比分别为62.96%、34.57%、2.47%,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。合并PTE的概率,双侧下肢DVT为100%,右下肢为32.14%,左下肢为13.72%,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论克州地区CA VTE较HA VTE常见,前者的主要危险因素是肥胖、创伤或骨折、卧床,后者为外科手术,并以骨科、妇产科手术最为常见。