Collimating micro-lens fiber array for noncontact near-infrared diffuse correlation tomography

Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy/tomography (DCS/DCT) has recently emerged as a noninvasive measurement/imaging technology for tissue blood flow. In DCT studies, the high-dense collection of light temporal autocorrelation curves (g₂(τ)) via fiber array are critical for image reconstruction of blood flow. Previously, the camera-based fiber array limits the field of view (FOV), precluding its applications on large-size human tissues. The line-shape fiber probe based on lens combination, which is predominantly used in current DCT studies, requires rotated-scanning over the surface of target tissue, substantially prolonging the measurement time and increasing the system instability. In this study, we design a noncontact optical probe for DCT based on collimating micro-lens fiber array, termed as FA-nc-DCT system. For each source/detector fiber, a single optical path was collimated by coupling with one micro-lens in the fiber array that is integrated in a square-shape base. Additionally, an 8×8 optical switch is used to share the hardware laser and detectors without spatial scanning. The FA-nc approach for the precise collection of g₂(τ) curves was validated through a speed-varied phantom experiment and the human experiments of cuff occlusion, from which the expected value of the blood flow index (BFI) was obtained. Furthermore, the flow anomaly in the phantom and the ischemic muscle in human were accurately reconstructed from the FA-nc-DCT system, which is combined with the imaging framework based on the Nth-order linear algorithm that we recently created. Those outcomes demonstrated the great potential of FA-nc-DCT technology for fast and robust imaging of various diseases such as human breast cancers.     

四种大宗常用中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素污染状况分布比较研究

目的 测定不同来源的4种大宗常用中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素（AFB₁、AFB₂、AFG₁和AFG₂）的含量，比较不同基质中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素的分布状况。方法 基于免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱分离-荧光检测器（IAC-HPLC-FLD）方法，分析不同产地共75批中药样品。结果 柏子仁、薏苡仁、决明子及党参共计75批中药饮片中，阳性检出：26批柏子仁（AFs 1.22-46.67 μg·kg^-1，AFB₁ 1.22-31.40 μg·kg^-1）、4批薏苡仁（AFs 1.97-41.13 μg·kg^-1，AFB₁ 1.97-36.40 μg·kg^-1）、1批决明子（AFs 13.65 μg·kg^-1，AFB₁ 12.60 μg·kg^-1），阳性率41%，超标率15%。阳性样品经 LC-MS/MS确证，排除假阳性。4种大宗常用中药饮片柏子仁、薏苡仁、决明子、党参中黄曲霉毒素的污染水平依次降低，阳性检出率分别为77%、29%、7%、0%，表明中药材中黄曲霉毒素的污染状况与药材基质密切相关。结论 针对易污染AFs的中药品种，需进一步加强其污染状况的全面检测分析，为黄曲霉毒素的有效防控以及完善中药的质量标准提供科学依据，从而保障中药用药安全。     

SA脂质体介导GFP／bFGF基因在豚鼠耳蜗中的表达

目的 :观察天然碱性脂 (Stearylamine,SA)脂质体介导绿色荧光蛋白 /碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(GFP/bFGF)基因于不同时间段豚鼠耳蜗中的表达 ,为进一步研究耳聋的基因治疗提供实验基础。方法 :取豚鼠 1 6只 ,分成 4组 ,每组 4只。其中 3只右耳圆窗内注入SA -GFP/bFGF复合物 ,1只同法注入生理盐水作为对照。分别于术后第 2、7、1 4、2 1天取材。在荧光显微镜下观察GFP的表达 ,用免疫组化法检测bFGF的转导情况。结果 :荧光显微镜下见双侧耳蜗于术后第 2天开始部分细胞发出绿色荧光 ,第 7天达到高峰 ,支持细胞及内外毛细胞均显荧光 ,细胞轮廓清晰 ;第 1 4天开始减弱 ,第 2 1天消失。免疫组化染色显示 ,除血管纹外 ,耳蜗各回Corti器、螺旋韧带、螺旋缘及螺旋神经节细胞均有高浓度的表达产物 ,对照动物呈阴性表达。结论 :SA脂质体介导的GFP/bFGF基因单耳给药双侧耳蜗均有高效表达 ,为进一步研究基因治疗耳聋提供了可能。     

紫外分光光度法同时测定增效黄连素胶囊中二组分含量

本文提出以紫外分光光度法测定增效黄连素胶囊含量。样品经乙醇溶解、水稀释后，不经分离提取，直接在３４６ｎｍ波长处测定盐酸黄连素；在３４６ｎｍ和２７１ｎｍ波长处以系数倍率法测定甲氧苄氨嘧啶，测得二组分的平均回收率分别为９９．１％和９９．６％，相对标准偏差为０．６７％和０．８２％（ｎ＝９）．本法简便，快速，适用于增效黄连素胶囊的常规分析．     

乌鲁木齐市家蝇抗药性现状及发展趋势分析

目的 分析乌鲁木齐市家蝇对化学杀虫剂的抗药性现状及发展趋势，探讨防制对策。方法 常规微量点滴法。结果 对溴氰菊酯的抗性系数在24．00-253．67；对敌敌畏的抗性系数在11.44-53.24;对二氯苯醚菊酯抗性系数在9.29-36.10，对氯氰菊酯的抗性系数在2.32-9.62。结论：8年来家蝇对4种杀虫剂的抗药性在不断上升，仍保持较高水平，但迅速上升的趋势开始减缓。     

The effect of 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine on postburn Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in rats

GTP-cyclohydrolase I (GTP-CHI) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme for the de novo biosynthesis of biopterin. The present study was to observe the effect of 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine (DAHP),an inhibtor of GTP-CHI, on the development of postburn Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. Methods: 56 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: normal control group (n= 10), scald control group(n= 10),pos tburn sepsis group (n= 20) and DA HP treatment group (n= 16). In the scald control group, rats were subjected to a 20% total body surface area (TBSA) Ⅲ° scald injury, then sacrificed at 24 hrs. In the postburn sepsis group (n=20), rats were inflicted with 20% TBSA Ⅲ° scald followed by Staphylococcus aureus challenge, and they were further divided into 2 and 6 hrs groups. In the DAHP treatment group (n= 16), animals were intraperitoneally injected with a dose of 1g/kg DAHP prior to Staphylococcus aureus challenge, and then further divided into 2, 6 hrs groups. Tissue samples from liver, kidneys, lungs and heart were collected to determine GTP-CHI, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression. Meanwhile, biopterin and nitric oxide (NO) levels in these tissues were also measured. Results: After the scald injury followed by Staphylococcus aureus challenge, GTP-CHI mRNA expression and biopterin levels significantly elevated in various tissues such as liver, heart, kidneys and lungs, so did the values of iNOS mRNA expression and NO formation (P＜0.01). Pretreatment with DAHP could significantly reduce GTP-CHI/biopterin induction (P＜0. 05～0. 01), and the up-regulation of iNOS/NO was also suppressed. Furthermore, DAHP administration could also inhibit the gene expression of TNF-α. 2 hrs after septic challenge, TNF-α mRNA expression in liver, kidneys and lungs in DAHP-treated group were 35.7%, 37.3% and 33.0% of those in postburn septic group, respectively. Additionally, in animals without DAHP treatment, the 6-hour mortality was 55.6% (20/36), while it was only 25.0% in DAHP-treated animals (4/16, P=0. 08). Conclusions: Early treatment with DAHP might be a potential strategy to prevent the development of postburn Staphylococcal sepsis, which appears to be associated with down-regulation of biopterin and NO formation by DAHP.     

二至丸对四氯化碳所致小鼠ALT升高的预防作用

目的研究二至丸水提物、女贞子、墨旱莲的保肝作用.方法通过检测血清酶学指标,观察二至丸对四氯化碳肝损伤模型的保护作用.结果用药各组均具有降低丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)作用,以二至丸超声水提液和水煎液作用最强,女贞子皂甙和墨旱莲乙酸乙酯提取物的混合物可作为复方保肝降酶的有效部位,但两者不同混合比例的保肝降酶作用应作进一步研究,以寻找最佳配比,达到最佳保肝效果.结论用药各组均具有保肝降酶作用,女贞子皂甙和墨旱莲乙酸乙酯提取物的混合物可作为二至丸复方的保肝降酶的有效部位.     

PHAGAQUOSONOGRAM (PASG) DIAGNOSIS FOR CANCER OF GASTRIC CARDIA A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF 223 PATIENTS

Phagaquosonographies (PASG) of 100 normal subjects and 223 patients with cardiac cancer (CC) were analyzed. The apparatus was self-designed and self-manufactured. The wave patterns and the pre-ejection period and other 8 quantitative indices in PASG were compared and patients with CC were found to have abnormal levels (P less than 0.01). The phagaquosonograms in 82 patients with esophageal, gastric or cardias (non-cancer) diseases served as controls. The PASG showed positive results in 97.3%, suspicious in 2.3% and negative in 0.4% of CC cases and 100% negative in the normal subjects. It was 1.2% positive, 8.5% suspicious and 90.3% negative in the esophageal, cardiac or gastric non-cancer diseases. PASG has high sensitivity (97.3%), and typical characteristics (98.8%). It is shown that this method can be used in screening, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prediction of prognosis of cardiac cancer.     

Outgrowth-regulating actions of glutamate in isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons

The present study examined the effects of glutamate on the outgrowth of dendrites and axons in isolated hippocampal pyramidal-like neurons in cell culture. During the first day of culture the survival and outgrowth of these neurons was unaffected by high concentrations (up to 1 nM) of glutamate, quisqualic acid (QA), kainic acid (KA), and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid. Beginning on day 2 of culture high levels of glutamate, KA and QA were toxic to the majority of pyramidal neurons, while subtoxic levels of these agents caused a well-defined, dose-dependent, sequence of effects on dendritic outgrowth. At increasing concentrations of glutamate, QA, and KA, the following events were observed: (1) dendritic outgrowth rates were reduced, while axonal elongation rates were unaffected; (2) dendritic length was reduced, while axons continued to grow; (3) dendrites regressed dramatically, and axonal outgrowth rate was reduced. These dendrite-specific effects of glutamate were apparently mediated at the growth cones since focal application of glutamate to individual dendritic growth cones resulted in suppression of growth cone activity and a regression of the dendrite; axons were unaffected by focal glutamate application. Pharmacological tests using glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists demonstrated that receptors of the KA/QA type mediated the glutamate effects on outgrowth and survival. The calcium channel blocker Co2+ prevented both glutamate neurotoxicity and glutamate-induced dendritic regression. Ionophore A23187 and elevations in extracellular K+ levels each caused a dose-dependent series of outgrowth and survival responses similar to those caused by glutamate. Taken together, these results indicate that activation of glutamate receptors leads to the opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels; the resulting increases in calcium influx lead to the observed alterations in dendritic outgrowth and neuronal survival.