人体液中喷布洛尔及其代谢物的GC/MS分析

用气相色谱一质谱联用(GC-MSD)系统分析方法检出了人尿中喷布洛尔的6个羟化代谢物,用Scp-Pak柱提取的方法检出了人血浆中的原型药物。并从分子结构上对此药物的代谢途径进行了研究。尿中提取和血中提取的回收率分别为90.83.%和85.88%,Gc-MSD的检测限为5pg。本方法适用于运动员兴奋剂的系统检查。     

Two maturation-associated mouse erythrocyte receptors of human B cells. II. Isolation and partial characterization of a B-cell lectin with specificity of R1.

Trypsin treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells which have the capacity to rosette with mouse erythrocytes (M), the BM+ subtype, inhibits their capacity to rosette and releases a substance into the supernatant which agglutinates mouse and rat erythrocytes but not erythrocytes of five other species tested. This substance has been named immature B-cell lectin (IBL). The specificity of IBL was further demonstrated by fluorescence labelling, absorption and latex rosetting. IBL does not bind to pronase-treated M (pro M), indicating that it has the specificity of R1 as distinct from R2 which binds to a pronase-resistant ligand on M. Other evidence that IBL is associated with B-cell membrane receptors for mouse erythrocytes is as follows: (1) The amount of IBL released into the supernatant correlated with the trypsin sensitivity of M rosetting with different clones of BM+ CLL cells. (2) Only small amounts of IBL were released from non-rosetting cells (T cells and mature B cells). (3) Binding properties of IBL were inhibited by extract of M but not extract from ox erythrocytes. (4) High-titre solutions of IBL conferred the capacity to form M rosettes on certain types of non-rosetting B cells. IBL has a dual binding specificity. Its binding to M is inhibited by fetuin and mannan, while its binding to B cells is not inhibited by these substances. The relationship of IBL to other membrane lectins including fibronectin is discussed. Preliminary characterization indicates a high-molecular-weight (at least 300,000 daltons) glycoprotein which has a pronounced tendency to aggregate in solution. The relationship of IBL to stages of human B-cell maturation is discussed.     

Androgen receptor YAC transgenic mice carrying CAG 45 alleles show trinucleotide repeat instability

X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Disease-associated alleles (37-66 CAGs) change in length when transmitted from parents to offspring, with a significantly greater tendency to shift size when inherited paternally. As transgenic mice carrying human AR cDNAs with 45 and 66 CAG repeats do not display repeat instability, we attempted to model trinucleotide repeat instability by generating transgenic mice with yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) carrying AR CAG repeat expansions in their genomic context. Studies of independent lines of AR YAC transgenic mice with CAG 45 alleles reveal intergenerational instability at an overall rate of approximately 10%. We also find that the 45 CAG repeat tracts are significantly more unstable with maternal transmission and as the transmitting mother ages. Of all the CAG/CTG repeat transgenic mice produced to date the AR YAC CAG 45 mice are unstable with the smallest trinucleotide repeat mutations, suggesting that the length threshold for repeat instability in the mouse may be lowered by including the appropriate flanking human DNA sequences. By sequence-tagged site content analysis and long range mapping we determined that one unstable transgenic line has integrated an approximately 70 kb segment of the AR locus due to fragmentation of the AR YAC. Identification of the cis - acting elements that permit CAG tract instability and the trans -acting factors that modulate repeat instability in the AR YAC CAG 45 mice may provide insights into the molecular basis of trinucleotide repeat instability in humans.      

Extreme resistance to Potato leafroll virus in potato cv. Russet Burbank mediated by the viral replicase gene

High levels of field resistance to Potato leafroll virus (PLRV; Genus: Polerovirus; Family: Luteoviridae) were achieved by expression of the unmodified, full-length PLRV replicase gene in potato plants cv. Russet Burbank. A high degree of resistance was also achieved, but less frequently, by expression of a truncated construct of the replicase gene. In limited testing, neither miss-frame nor antisense constructs of the replicase gene conferred resistance. The degree of resistance expressed among different transformant lines ranged from near immunity to full susceptibility. Resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) was combined with resistance to PLRV by expression of the cry3A insect control protein gene from Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis in combination with the unmodified, full-length, viral replicase gene. Resistance was expressed as a reduced incidence of infection detectable by foliage symptoms or serological tests. Reduced incidence of infection was not associated with a decrease in virus antigen concentration in the few plants of resistant lines that became infected. Virus was not detected in the foliage of symptomless plants but was detected in progeny plants produced from the tubers of inoculated but symptomless test plants of some resistant lines. The resistance was effective under natural exposure and against plant-to-plant spread of PLRV by the aphid vector, Myzus persicae Sulzer. Three of the resistant lines selected in these studies were released and are now in commercial production.     

Presence of the AZF region in a female with an idic(Y)(q11)

In a child with some features of Turner's syndrome, gonosomal mosaicism with an isodicentric nonfluorescent (idic)Y chromosome was detected (mos 45,X/47,X,idic(Y)(q11),idic(Y)(11)/46,X,idic(Y)(q11)). Histopathological examination showed streak gonads with some evidence of ovarian stroma and no sign of gonadoblastoma. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in blood lymphocytes and gonadal tissues using primers of seven loci along the Y chromosome, including the sex determined region (SRY), azoospermia factor region (AZF) and the deleted in azoospermia ( DAZ ) gene was positive for all loci tested, confirming the isodicentric character of the Y chromosome and indicating the presence of the AZF region. It is remarkable that the existence of spermatogenesis controlling genes does not play an important role in gonadal development and differentiation in a phenotypic female with some Turner stigmata. The data presented here are briefly discussed with previously-described patients.     

Basement membrane component changes in nerve allografts and isografts

This study describes immunocytochemical changes in laminin, which is an integral basement membrane (BM) component, during axonal regeneration through antigenic nerve allografts and nonantigenic nerve isografts. In normal rat nerve, laminin was localized in the BM of Schwann cells and the perineurium. During nerve allograft rejection, the perineurium and Schwann cells disappeared. However, the Schwann cell BMs persisted and became distorted and collapsed. In isografted nerves, the perineurium and Schwann cells were present, and only a few Schwann cell BMs appeared to be distorted; however, the staining for laminin was faint, indicating a possible BM breakdown. A new BM appeared as small rings around the Schwann cells after they had become associated with regenerated axons. Because only a limited axonal regeneration occurred in allografts as compared to isografts, it is concluded that the viable Schwann cells, and their BM architecture, are essential for regeneration through long nerve grafts.     

RENAL TRANSPLANTATION – AN EARLY EXPERIENCE

Renal transplant (RT) is now a therapy of choice for end stage renal disease (ESRD). The Nephrology Unit, Asvini started functioning in Dec 90 and to date 1298 sittings of hemodialysis have been given to 45 patients. Of these, 35 were in ESRD and 11 patients underwent renal transplantation at this hospital during the period Jan 91 – Dec 93. One patient expired after 18 months of transplantation due to infection. Early experience in screening patients for RT, use of immunosuppression, management of rejection episodes and protocol are presented with special emphasis on its relevance to the Armed Forces.KEY WORDS: Transplantation, Renal Failure, Immunosuppression, Rejection