不同根管冲洗液和冲洗方法对粪肠球菌清除作用的体外研究

目的 比较不同冲洗液和冲洗方法对根管内粪肠球菌的清除效果。方法 建立120颗人完整单根管前磨牙粪肠球菌感染根管模型,随机分组,分别采用不同冲洗液(0.9% NaCl,0.5% NaClO,3% NaClO)及冲洗方法(注射针头冲洗,超声荡洗,RinsEndo系统处理,超声荡洗协同RinsEndo系统联用)进行根管清理。无菌吸潮纸尖取样,平板菌落计数法计算CFU值,计算细菌清除率,运用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,P<0.05时差异具有统计学意义。结果 使用0.9% NaCl及0.5% NaClO冲洗液时,注射针头冲洗组细菌清除率明显低于超声荡洗及RinsEndo系统处理组(P<0.001);使用3% NaClO冲洗液的各组不同的冲洗方法,细菌清除率的差异无统计学意义(P=0.556)。而无论采用哪种冲洗方法,3% NaClO溶液的细菌清除效果均优于0.5% NaClO溶液和0.9% NaCl溶液(P<0.001)。结论 不同根管冲洗液在一定程度上会影响根管冲洗方法对根管内粪肠球菌的清除效果。     

Increased Plasma Cell-Free DNA Level during HTNV Infection: Correlation with Disease Severity and Virus Load

Cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) in blood represents a promising DNA damage response triggered by virus infection or trauma, tumor, etc. Hantavirus primarily causes two diseases: haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), depending on different Hantavirus species. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma cf-DNA levels in acute phase of HFRS, and to correlate plasma cf-DNA with disease severity and plasma Hanttan virus (HTNV) load. We observed the appearance of cf-DNA in 166 plasma samples from 76 HFRS patients: the plasma cf-DNA levels peaked at the hypotensive stage of HFRS, and then decreased gradually. Until the diuretic stage, there was no significant difference in plasma cf-DNA level between patients and the healthy control. Exclusively in the febrile/hypotensive stage, the plasma cf-DNA levels of severe/critical patients were higher than those of the mild/moderate group. Moreover, the plasma cf-DNA value in the early stage of HFRS was correlated with HTNV load and disease severity. In most of the patients, plasma cf-DNA displayed a low-molecular weight appearance, corresponding to the size of apoptotic DNA. In conclusion, the plasma cf-DNA levels were dynamically elevated during HFRS, and correlated with disease severity, which suggests that plasma cf-DNA may be a potential biomarker for the pathogenesis and prognosis of HFRS.     

超声在妊娠早期筛查剖宫产后胎盘植入中的应用

目的评价产前超声在妊娠早期诊断胎盘植入高危孕妇(具有剖宫产史合并胎盘低置)是否存在胎盘植入的可行性。资料与方法筛选有剖宫产史、胎儿头臀径45~84 mm且合并胎盘低置的904例孕妇。所有患者的胎盘均经手术证实或随访其胎盘情况;分析确诊为胎盘植入患者早孕期胎盘的超声声像图特点,计算早孕期筛查胎盘植入的敏感度和特异度。结果产后证实胎盘植入42例(4.65%)。早孕期超声诊断胎盘植入40例,未诊断胎盘植入864例,其中超声误诊6例、漏诊8例胎盘植入。超声检查诊断胎盘植入的敏感度和特异度分别为80.95%和99.30%;胎盘植入超声征象发生率由高到低依次为胎盘内漩涡形成(64.70%)、胎盘后方彩色多普勒血流增多(55.88%)、胎盘后间隙消失(44.12%)及子宫下段前壁肌层菲薄与胎盘分界不清(35.29%)。早孕期超声诊断为胎盘植入,且产后证实为胎盘植入的34例患者中,均出现1种和(或)以上胎盘植入的超声征象;早孕期超声未发现胎盘植入的856例患者中,仅8例出现1种上述征象。与前置胎盘并植入患者比较,前置胎盘无植入以及无前置胎盘无植入患者在胎盘漩涡、胎盘后间隙消失、子宫下段前壁肌层薄而不清、胎盘后方彩色血流增多等超声征象的出现率均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论产前超声可在妊娠早期有效诊断胎盘植入高危孕妇是否存在胎盘植入,为临床早期干预提供依据。     

Photocatalysis of nanocomposite titania–natural silica as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The entries of pathogenic bacteria into the human body remain a severe problem to health that can be prevented using antibacterial agents. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic technique using semiconductor nanocomposite TiO₂–SiO₂ has great potential as an antibacterial method. In order to utilize natural resources, SiO₂ supporting materials are obtained from the extraction of beach sand due to the high silica content. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize a nanocomposite of TiO₂ with SiO₂ extracted from beach sand as an antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity test used the dilution and optical density method. Based on XRD analysis, the crystals of TiO₂ in the synthesized composites showed a more dominant anatase structure. Furthermore, Ti–O–Si bonds were identified from the IR spectrum, which showed the interaction between TiO₂ and SiO₂. In addition, SEM-EDX results showed agglomerated spherical particles with a TiO₂–SiO₂ nanocomposite particle size of 40–107 nm. The best antibacterial activity was demonstrated by the 1 : 0.5 TiO₂–SiO₂ nanocomposite, with inactivation percentages of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa of 98.69% and 97.44%, respectively.

TiO₂ material is composited with silica obtained from natural sand with indirect sonochemistry method. The addition of SiO₂ increase the photocatalyst activity of TiO₂ as an antibacterial against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.     

Comparison of once-daily and thrice-daily netilmicin regimens in serious systemic infections: a multicenter study in six Asian countries

Patients with serious systemic infections admitted to eight medical centers in six Asian countries were treated with 300 mg of netilmicin given once daily (group A: 92 patients) or 100 mg of netilmicin given three times daily (group B: 93 patients). Netilmicin was administered by intramuscular injection or slow intravenous infusion until clinical, laboratory, and bacteriologic measures were normalized and for not more than two additional days. A clinical cure was achieved in 88% of the patients from group A and in 68% from group B. The causative micro-organisms were eliminated or infection site healed in 90% of group A and in 88% of group B. The mean treatment duration was 6.9 days in group A and 8.8 days in group B. Two patients in each group developed symptoms of nephrotoxicity; the pretreatment serum creatinine levels in all four patients were in the high borderline range. No other serious side effects were found. It is concluded that netilmicin administered once daily is safe and more effective than netilmicin administered three times daily.     

A visualization pipeline for in vivo two-photon volumetric astrocytic calcium imaging

Astrocytes, the multi-functional glial cells with the most abundant population in the brain, integrate information across their territories to regulate neuronal synaptic and cerebrovascular activities. Astrocytic calcium (Ca²⁺) signaling is the major readout of cellular functional state of astrocytes. The conventional two-photon in vivo imaging usually focuses on a single horizontal focal plane to capture the astrocytic Ca²⁺ signals, which leaves >80% spatial information undetected. To fully probe the Ca²⁺ activity across the whole astrocytic territory, we developed a pipeline for imaging and visualizing volumetric astrocytic Ca²⁺ time-lapse images. With the pipeline, we discovered a new signal distribution pattern from three-dimensional (3D) astrocytic Ca²⁺ imaging data of mice under isoflurane anesthetic states. The tools developed in this study enable a better understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of astrocytic activity in 3D space.     

保定市城市社区卫生服务站人力资源现状调查

目的：通过对保定市社区卫生服务站人力资源状况调查,旨在了解其现状及存在问题,为卫生行政部门制定相应政策提供科学依据。方法随机抽取保定市社区卫生服务站40个,在参考文献的基础上自行设计关于社区卫生服务站人力资源问卷,对保定市社区卫生服务站人力资源状况进行调查。结果医护比例为1∶0.65;男性占24.70%,女性占75.30%;年龄主要集中在30～40岁,占39.51%;大专学历所占比例最高,为55.97%,大专以下所占比例达到22.41%,研究生学历只占1.24%;职称普遍偏低,医生以初级职称居多,西医、中医分别占48.57%、59.52%,护理也以初级职称占多数,为88.54%;科研成果很低,平均每人发表论文低于0.5篇;几乎全部人员认为有必要开展社区服务,并愿意加入到社区服务行列。结论保定市在职社区服务人员的医护比例严重失调,性别比例不合理,学历普遍偏低,职称结构不合理,科研水平较低。     

右美托咪定复合艾司氯胺酮治疗顽固性失眠伴抑郁症患者的有效性

目的 评价右美托咪定复合艾司氯胺酮在顽固性失眠伴抑郁症中的临床疗效。方法选择顽固性失眠伴抑郁症患者68例,男26例,女42例,年龄18～64岁,BMI 18～28 kg/m²,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。将患者随机分为两组：右美托咪定复合艾司氯胺酮组(DE组)和右美托咪定复合生理盐水组(DS组),每组34例。两组分别用麻醉诱导睡眠平衡术治疗3个疗程,分别给予微泵注射右美托咪定1μg/kg持续10 min以诱导睡眠,继以右美托咪定0.2～1.5μg·kg^-1·h^-1维持睡眠。DE组同时泵注艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg, DS组同时泵注生理盐水。分别在首次治疗前(T₀)、第1疗程治疗后(T₁)、第2疗程治疗后(T₂)和第3疗程治疗后(T₃)采取匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和失眠严重程度指数(ISI)评估睡眠状况,采取汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和视觉模拟抑郁量表(VAS-D)评估抑郁状况,分析汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和血清皮质醇浓度的变化。记录...