Food,water, energy,and macronutrient intake of non-breastfed infants and young children (0–3 years)

European Journal of Nutrition - The French Nutri-Bébé 2013 study aimed to assess the nutritional intake of infants and young children in comparison with the recommendations of the 2013...     

Results From a Large,Multicenter, Retrospective Analysis On Radium223 Use in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) in the Triveneto Italian Region

Background

Radium 223 was introduced for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer based on the results of a randomized controlled trial showing risk reduction for death and skeletal events. Our aim was to evaluate the outcome of patients receiving radium 223 in a real-world setting.

Cavo-portal transposition in rat: a new simple model

Background  

Liver transplantation in presence of diffuse portal vein thrombosis is possible by using caval blood as portal inflow, through cavo-portal transposition. However, clinical results are heterogeneous and experimental studies are needed, but similar hemodynamic conditions are difficult to obtain, especially in small animals. Herein we describe a new simple model of cavo-portal transposition in rat.     

Preoperative Chemotherapy Alone and Combined with Preoperative Radiotherapy in Small-Size Breast Cancer

Abstract: Breast conservation surgery is an effective and safe treatment for many breast carcinomas. It may be possible to further limit the extent of resection (or expand the indication for breast conservation) by the application of preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We explored the feasibility of this in a pilot study.
Seventy-three patients (mean age 48, 63% premenopausal) with confirmed breast cancer, less than 2.5 cm, received chemotherapy (Group A) or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (Group B) prior to limited resection (tumorectomy). Axillary dissection was always performed. Results: In 6/31 (19%) Group A and 17/42 (40%) Group B patients the tumor was not palpable after preoperative treatment, with complete pathological remission in 1 and 3 cases respectively. Histologic grading, mitosis, cellular alteration, and cellularity evaluations indicated a consistently greater therapeutic effect with chemoradiotherapy than with chemotherapy alone.
In conclusion, radiotherapy appears useful in the preoperative treatment of breast cancer and its use in association with various drug combinations should be further explored.     

Release of newly synthesized h-dopamine in the striatum: An adaptation of the push-pull cannula method to awake restrained and anesthetized rats

The release of newly synthesized ³H-dopamine (³H-DA) was measured in the rat striatum superfused, through a push-pull cannula, with a physiological medium enriched in ³H-tyrosine. The level of spontaneous ³H-DA release was dependent on the topographical localisation of the cannula in the striatum (anterior parts displayed higher levels than posterior ones) and on the anesthetic state (halothane anesthetized rats demonstrated higher levels than awake ones). Inhibition of DA inactivation processes by local application of benztropine (a DA reuptake inhibitor, 10⁻⁶ M) or by IV administration of pargyline (a MAO inhibitor, 100 mg/kg) enhanced the detectable outflow of ³H-DA from the striatum in both halothane anesthetized and awake rats. Local application of D-amphetamine (10⁻⁵ M) or acetylcholine (5 × 10⁻⁵ M) in the presence of eserine (5 × 10⁻⁵ M) evoked respectively a fivefold and a 30% increase in spontaneous ³H-DA release in halothane anesthetized rats. Inhibition of the firing of dopaminergic neurons by IV injection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (400 mg/kg) produced a 30% decrease in striatal ³H-DA release. The present results demonstrate that the push-pull cannula method is suitable for the study of DA release in both the anesthetized and the awake rat.     

D1 and D2 receptor antagonists differently affect cocaine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in the mouse

Pretreament with small, per se ineffective doses of the selective D1 antagonist SCH 23390 inhibited hyperactivity induced by cocaine. On the other hand, the classic neuroleptic haloperidol and the selective D2 antagonist metoclopramide prevented the stimulatory effects of cocaine on locomotion only at hypokinetic doses, while the atypical neuroleptic (–)-sulpiride, a selective D2 antagonist, did not produce significant effects when administered at the hypokinetic dose of 12 mg/kg. Finally, at low doses (–)-sulpiride dose-dependently potentiated the locomotor-stimulating effects of cocaine, an effect that is not shared either with haloperidol or with metoclopramide. These results are discussed in terms of different roles of DA receptor subtypes in the modulation of the stimulant effects of cocaine on locomotion.     

Early diagnosis of n-hexane–caused neuropathy

n-Hexane neuropathy was studied in 20 workers exposed for prolonged periods to this solvent, and with urinary 2, 5-hexanedione concentrations exceeding the biological exposure index recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (5 mg/L) with a mean of 11.02 mg/L (range 5.3—24.2 mg/L). Although neurological examination did not detect significant anomalies in any of the patients, and the conduction velocity and F waves of all the nerves tested were normal, neurographic studies revealed significant differences in the amplitude of sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) recorded from the sural (mean 14.0 μV), median (mean 17.3 μV), and ulnar (mean 7.9 μV) nerves when compared with normal values from healthy adults of the same age range, examined under identical conditions. The amplitude of the SNAP in sural and median nerves correlated significantly with the number of years worked. The notable decrease in mean amplitude of the SNAP appeared to reflect the primary neurotoxic effects of 2,5-hexanedione. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.