Magnitude of post-operative mortality and associated factors among patients who underwent surgery in Wolaita Sodo teaching and referral hospital,SNNPR region,Ethiopia

BackgroundEach year 4.2 million people around the world die within 30 days of surgery and postoperative deaths account for 7.7 % of all deaths. So this study aimed to asses'' magnitude of postoperative mortality and associated factors among patients who underwent surgery in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching referral Hospital.MethodRetrospective cross sectional design was carried out from April 15–30 2019. Card review was done on 384 participants by using Systematic sampling technique. Entered to Epi Data; exported to SPSS for analysis. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered to multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance is determined at p-value < 0.05.ResultsThe magnitude of postoperative mortality was 5.7%. Using surgical check list (AOR= 0.18; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61), having comorbid condition (AOR= 4.45; 95% CI 1.39 to 14.19), and don''t having blood transfusion (AOR= 0.07; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.22) and general anesthesia (AOR= 4.37; 95% CI 1.17 to 16.30) are factors of post-operative mortality.ConclusionThe magnitude of postoperative mortality was high. Surgical check list, comorbidity, blood transfusion and general anesthesia are factors. The hospital should encourage using of surgical check list and work on comorbid patients to decrease the mortality.     

Spice and Condiment Plants for the Traditional Beverages and,Food Stuff Preparation and Utilization,Southern Ethiopia

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - The study was carried out to investigate the traditional use of the spice and condiment plant species, and to...     

Inorganic molecule (O2, NO) adsorption on nitrogen- and phosphorus-doped MoS2 monolayer using first principle calculations

We performed a systematic study of the adsorption behaviors of O₂ and NO gas molecules on pristine MoS₂, N-doped, and P-doped MoS₂ monolayers via first principle calculations. Our adsorption energy calculations and charge analysis showed that the interactions between the NO and O₂ molecules and P–MoS₂ system are stronger than that of pristine and N–MoS₂. The spin of the absorbed molecule couples differently depending on the type of gas molecule adsorbed on the P- and N-substituted MoS₂ monolayer. Meanwhile, the adsorption of O₂ molecules leaves N- and P–MoS₂ a magnetic semiconductor, whereas the adsorption of an NO molecule turns this system into a nonmagnetic semiconductor, which may provide some helpful information for designing new N- and P-substituted MoS₂-based nanoelectronic devices. Therefore, P- and N–MoS₂ can be used to distinguish O₂ and NO gases using magnetic properties, and P–MoS₂-based gas sensors are predicted to be more sensitive to detect NO molecules rather than pristine and N–MoS₂ systems.

We performed a systematic study of the adsorption behaviors of O₂ and NO gas molecules on pristine MoS₂, N-doped, and P-doped MoS₂ monolayers via first principle calculations.     

Khat chewing and mental distress: a community based study, in jimma city, southwestern ethiopia

Background

Khat (Catha edulis) contains a psychoactive substance, cathinone, which produces central nervous system stimulation analogous to amphetamine. It is believed that khat chewing has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of individuals as well as the socioeconomic condition of the family and the society at large. There is lack of community based studies regarding the link between khat use and poor mental health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between khat use and mental distress and to determine the prevalence of mental distress and khat use in Jimma City.

Methods

A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in Jimma City from October 15 to November 15, 2009. The study used a structured questionnaire and Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 designed by WHO and which has been translated into Amharic and validated in Ethiopia. By multi stage sampling, 1200 individuals were included in the study. Data analysis was done using SPSS for window version 13.

Results

The Khat use prevalence was found to be 37.8% during the study period. Majority of the khat users were males (73.5%), age group 18–24 (41.1%), Muslims (46.6%), Oromo Ethnic group (47.2%), single (51.4%), high school students (46.8%) and employed (80%). Using cut-off point 7 out of 20 on the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20, 25.8% of the study population was found to have mental distress. Males (26.6%), persons older than 55 years (36.4%), Orthodox Christians (28.4%), Kefficho Ethnic groups (36.4%), widowed (44.8%), illiterates (43.8%) and farmers (40.0%) had higher rates of mental distress. We found that mental distress and khat use have significant association (34.7% Vs 20.5%, P<0.001). There was also significant association between mental distress and frequency of khat use (41% Vs 31.1%, P<0.001)

Conclusion

The high rate of khat use among the young persons calls for public intervention to prevent more serious forms of substance use disorders. Our findings suggest that persons who use khat suffer from higher rates of mental distress. However, causal association could not be established due to cross-sectional study design.