维药库吾提艾拉口服液的提取工艺研究

目的研究维药库吾提艾拉口服液的提取工艺。方法以淫羊藿苷的含量为指标,采用L9(34)正交试验设计优选维药库吾提艾拉口服液的最佳提取工艺条件。结果优选得到的最佳提取工艺为A3B2C2,即加14倍量水,总煎煮时间3小时,醇沉浓度75%。结论优选得到的工艺稳定可行。     

A new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cystic echinococcosis: percutaneous albendazole sulphoxide injection without reaspiration

OBJECTIVE: In this experimental study, the effectiveness of intracystic injection of albendazole sulfoxide solution was investigated as a new approach to percutaneous treatment in liver hydatid disease. METHODS: Ten naturally infected sheep were selected and divided into two groups: a treatment group (n = 7), and a control group (n = 3). Intracystic injection of albendazole sulfoxide was performed in the first group, whereas the control group received intracystic distillated water injection instead. No reaspiration was performed in any group. RESULTS: During the follow-up period of 6 months, serial sonographic examination revealed a significant decrease in the cyst size, progressive solidification, and complete separation of the germinal and the laminated membranes of hydatid cysts from the pericysts in the treatment group. In the control group, diameters and volumes of cysts were increased. All procedures were done without any complications. During the follow-up-period, liver function tests were normal. After 6 months, all sheep were killed and were examined for macroscopic and microscopic changes. Pathological examination showed pericyst hyalinization, inflammatory cells in the cyst wall, degeneration of laminated and germinal membranes, and necrotic material in the cyst cavity. No viable protoscoleces or daughter cysts were observed. CONCLUSION: Albendazole sulfoxide injection as a scolecidal agent in the percutaneous treatment of cystic echinococcosis seems to be effective in this animal model. Further studies are suggested to evaluate the effectiveness of this procedure in human subjects.     

In Vivo Imaging of Local Inflammation: Monitoring LPS-Induced CD80/CD86 Upregulation by PET

Purpose

The co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 are upregulated on activated antigen-presenting cells (APC). We investigated whether local APC activation, induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), can be imaged by positron emission tomography (PET) with CD80/CD86-targeting ⁶⁴Cu-labelled abatacept.

Procedures

Mice were inoculated s.c. with extracellular-matrix gel containing either LPS or vehicle (PBS). Immune cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry and marker expression by RT-qPCR. ⁶⁴Cu-NODAGA-abatacept distribution was analysed using PET/CT and ex vivo biodistribution.

Results

The number of CD80⁺ and CD86⁺ immune cells at the LPS inoculation site significantly increased a few days after inoculation. CD68 and CD86 expression were higher at the LPS than the PBS inoculation site, and CD80 was only increased at the LPS inoculation site. CTLA-4 was highest 10 days after LPS inoculation, when CD80/CD86 decreased again. A few days after inoculation, ⁶⁴Cu-NODAGA-abatacept distribution to the inoculation site was significantly higher for LPS than PBS (4.2-fold). Co-administration of unlabelled abatacept or human immunoglobulin reduced tracer uptake. The latter reduced the number of CD86⁺ immune cells at the LPS inoculation site.

Conclusions

CD80 and CD86 are upregulated in an LPS-induced local inflammation, indicating invasion of activated APCs. ⁶⁴Cu-NODAGA-abatacept PET allowed following APC activation over time.

     

Arthroscopic treatment of synovial chondromatosis in the ankle joint

INTRODUCTION

Synovial chondromatosis is characterized by the presence of metaplastic cartilage nodules originating from the synovia, bursa and tendon sheaths. Although it is extremely rare in the ankle joint, malignant transformation is possible. The choice of treatment is usually open surgery for excision of loose bodies and synovectomy. Limited data is available concerning arthroscopic approaches.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 28-year-old male patient was evaluated for pain and swelling of the right ankle joint. Based on the findings of physical examination and radiographic investigations, arthroscopic surgery was performed due to ankle impingement syndrome. A diagnosis of synovial osteochondromatosis was made following the pathological survey.

DISCUSSION

Synovial chondromatosis is slowly progressive and is considered to be a self-limiting situation. Treatment strategies are decided on according to the patient''s complaints, age and disease stage. Open or arthroscopic surgery. can be performed. Some advantages of arthroscopic surgery are wide visualization areas, easy access to areas difficult to reach, lower morbidity, no necessity for casting and immobilization, early rehabilitation and quick recovery period.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, arthroscopic management can be successful in selected patients with synovial osteochondromatosis localized to the ankle joint.     

Serum leptin level in women with unexplained infertility

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of leptin in women with unexplained infertility with fertile subjects. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Serum leptin levels of 27 infertile and 30 fertile women on day 3 of the menstrual cycle were assessed and compared in this prospective age and body mass index (BMI) comparable controlled study. RESULTS: The mean age in the infertile group was 29.3 (range, 23-38), while this figure was 28.9 (range, 19-39) in the fertile group; the mean BMIs were 24.5 (range, 20.6-27.8) and 25.0 (range, 21.8-28.7), respectively. The mean serum leptin level was significantly higher in women with unexplained infertility compared with fertile subjects. Considering normal weight subjects, mean serum leptin levels were increased significantly in the unexplained infertile group compared with the fertile group (7.2 (range, 4.3-10.4) versus 3.5 (range, 1.9-6.2)ng/ml, respectively; p<0.0001, Mann-Whitney U-test). The significant increase in serum leptin levels was observed also in overweight patients (6.8 (range, 1.3-5.2) versus 3.3 (range, 4.2-8.9)ng/ml, respectively; p<0.0001, Mann-Whitney U-test). CONCLUSION: A significant difference in serum leptin levels between unexplained infertile and fertile women suggests that this cytokine may be involved in pathophysiology of unexplained infertility.     

Factors affecting haemorrhagic transformation in middle cerebral artery infarctions.

OBJECTIVE: Haemorrhagic transformation (HT) affects treatment and prognosis in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. The factors affecting haemorrhagic transformation in infarcts due to occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA) stem or branch were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 412 patients who were followed in our clinic between January 2001 and December 2001 with acute ischaemic stroke, 86 patients with occlusion in MCA stem or branch were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided into 2 groups, those with HT (n = 35) and without HT (n = 51). Age, sex, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level in the acute period, renal and liver function tests, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure in the acute period, previous cerebrovascular disease, leukoaraiosis, modified Rankin Disability Score (mRDS) and stroke subtype were evaluated. RESULTS: High blood glucose level in the acute period and presence of leukoaraiosis on cranial computerized (CCT) tomography were detected as risk factors in development of HT. HT was seen more frequently in MCA stem infarction than branch infarction. mRDS were worse in the group with HT. In multivariate analysis, there were independent relationships between mean blood glucose level on admission, mRDS, presence of diabetes mellitus, and MCA stem infarction and development of haemorrhagic transformation in patients with MCA territorial infarction.     

Double-blind,randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine the efficacy of eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream for decreasing pain during local anaesthetic infiltration for out-patient haemorrhoidectomy

OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream for decreasing pain during local anaesthetic infiltration for outpatient haemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients were randomly assigned either to receive EMLA or placebo. The creams were applied 45 minutes prior to injection of a lidocaine/bupivacaine mixture using a diamond-shaped perianal block. All participants were blinded to the specific medication received. They were asked to rate pain and levels of acceptability using a pre-validated pain scale and questionnaire. RESULTS: There were 49 patients in each group. The baseline characteristics between the two groups were similar. Forty patients (82%) in the EMLA group and 42 patients (86%) in the placebo group reported only mild pain during injection and infiltration of the lidocaine/bupivacaine mixture. The mean rank pain scores were 49.11 and 48.89, respectively (p = 0.886, not significant). CONCLUSION: While outpatient haemorrhoidectomy under local anaesthesia was generally well tolerated, there was no statistically significant difference between EMLA cream and placebo for decreasing pain during anaesthetic infiltration.