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排序方式: 共有726条查询结果,搜索用时 12 毫秒
1.
K Steyn P L Jooste M L Langenhoven J E Rossouw M Steyn P C Jordaan G Joubert 《Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde》1987,71(3):145-148
A cross-sectional study of tobacco-smoking habits in a random sample of 976 coloured subjects aged 15-64 years revealed that smoking was common, 57% of men and 41% of women being current smokers and 10.4% of men and 9.6% of women having stopped smoking. Heavy smoking prevailed, indicating by mean daily consumption of 14.2 and 13.1 cigarettes among male and female smokers respectively; only 33.5% of male and 39.6% of female smokers used less than 10 cigarettes per day. Coloured smokers smoked more heavily during the weekend. Both men and women smoked mostly filter cigarettes. Forty-four per cent of male and 49.5% of female smokers stated that they had attempted to stop smoking, mainly for health reasons. More than one-third of the participants had a positive attitude to combating smoking, particularly those with an educational level higher than Standard 7. Former smokers and heavy smokers had a significantly higher prevalence of ischaemic heart disease than the other participants. Smoking was associated with a low body mass index, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, low socio-economic standing, high alcohol consumption and type A coronary-prone behaviour in men. In 1982 the economically active coloured population of the Cape Peninsula spent an estimated R36.2 million on cigarettes. 相似文献
2.
N G Crisp C B Ijsselmuiden R De Swardt M M Steyn D M Gibbs E T Tshabalala 《Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde》1987,72(5):345-348
Following the outbreak of poliomyelitis in Gazankulu in 1982, the immunisation services in Gazankulu were thoroughly examined. As a result of this, a comprehensive immunisation policy for Gazankulu was accepted in November 1986. The broad aim of the policy is to provide effective immunisation to all Gazankulu residents against tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis and measles. A specific objective is that by the end of 1987, 85% of under-5s should have been vaccinated against these six diseases and by the end of 1990 this percentage should be 97%. The detailed strategies to reach these objectives are highlighted. Within the framework of the objectives, the policy allows different areas to formulate individual strategies. Programme monitoring and community involvement are two crucial aspects of the policy and these are discussed in detail. The early successes and difficulities in implementing this policy are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Just old age? A study of prostatism in general practice 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M Steyn 《Family practice》1988,5(3):193-195
This study examines the proposal made by urologists that prostatism should be treated at an earlier stage by surgical intervention. A review of the notes of all male patients over the age of 60 years in a general practice showed that 43% of patients with prostatism had developed either acute or chronic retention prior to surgery. A prospective enquiry was therefore performed which revealed that 6% of the study population had undisclosed marked prostatism and a further 14% had mild prostatism. It was concluded that opportunistic screening should be considered as a method for achieving the earlier and more elective treatment of prostatism. 相似文献
4.
K Steyn M Steyn M L Langenhoven J E Rossouw J Fourie 《Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde》1990,78(2):73-77
The health-related behaviour of the Cape Peninsula coloured population, which has been shown to have an adverse coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor profile, is reported. Private medical services were used most often by participants: 54.1% and 51.6% of males and females respectively had made use of these services during the preceding year. Only 17.9% and 21.8% of males and females respectively had attended day hospitals during the year. Blood pressures were measured in 43.8% and 57.1% of male and female participants respectively during the year preceding the study. The results indicated the need for the measurement of blood pressure to determine the true prevalence of hypertension, since patient reporting of the condition was inaccurate. Attempts to give up smoking had been made by 44.4% of male and 47.1% of female smokers. About 75% of the participants were found to have hypercholesterolaemia, yet their knowledge of the prudent diet was poor and few reported appropriate dietary modifications to protect against CHD. Frequent reporting of hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension and constipation by the study population highlights the need for dietary education. Mortality rates (MRs) for CHD and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) for the coloured and the white populations were compared. In all age groups white males had higher MRs for CHD than coloured males, while coloured females older than 34 years had higher rates than their white counterparts. The coloured population had MRs for CVD that were higher than those of whites. 相似文献
5.
6.
S Álvarez-Ruiz† PF Peñas† J Fernández-Herrera† J Sánchez-Pérez† J Fraga‡ A García-Díez† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2004,18(3):310-313
In the last years, granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF and GM-CSF) are being increasingly used and several cutaneous eruptions have been reported in relation to these treatments. In 1991 Horn et al. described three patients with maculopapular eruption that paralleled the time of infusion of GM-CSF. Two of the cases showed an increase in the number and size of macrophages in the biopsy specimen. Since then, several cases have been reported showing this histopathological alteration that has been considered characteristic of reaction to G-CSF or GM-CSF. Although maculopapular eruption with enlarged macrophages can appear after chemotherapy treatment, we have found that the presentation of this eruption after the beginning of cytokine treatment is suggestive of the involvement of G-CSF and GM-CSF in the eruption. We described eight cases of patients treated with G-CSF or GM-CSF that developed maculopapular eruptions with enlarged macrophages. 相似文献
7.
H J Steenkamp P L Jooste D O Chalton J E Rossouw A J Benadé M Steyn 《Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde》1990,78(2):89-93
The association between hypertension and coronary risk factors and the effect of antihypertensive treatment on coronary risk were investigated in rural South African whites aged 15-64 years. Almost 25% of men (range 1.9-46.6%) and almost 27% of women (2.1-56.2%) were hypertensive or being treated for hypertension; the prevalence increased with age, particularly among women. Only 25.8% of male and 43.4% of female hypertensives were being treated, and of these only 38% had controlled blood pressure. Hypertension was associated with a high serum total cholesterol level, a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, a high body mass index, a high uric acid level, a high prevalence of coronary heart disease and, in men, high alcohol consumption. Treated hypertensives had a greater risk of coronary heart disease than untreated hypertensives. Men on beta-blockers had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than men not on treatment, while uric acid levels in both men and women on diuretics were higher than those of untreated hypertensives. Hypertension in the study population appears to be inadequately treated, and antihypertensive medication may impact adversely on metabolic risk factors. The goal of antihypertensive therapy should be a net reduction of coronary heart disease risk. 相似文献
8.
9.
K Steyn M L Langenhoven G Joubert D O Chalton A J Benadé J E Rossouw 《Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde》1990,78(2):63-67
A cross-sectional study of 976 coloured subjects aged 15-64 years identified a population consuming a typical Western diet. Nutrient intake, determined by the 24-hour dietary recall method, reflected a diet high in fat (37% of total energy intake) and animal protein and a polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio of 0.85. Only 32.2% of men and 27.5% of women consumed a prudent diet (Keys score less than or equal to 28). The influence of this Western diet on serum total cholesterol (TC) levels was seen to be marked when participants with a high risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) were compared with those with a TC level putting them at low risk; the former consumed significantly more saturated fat and had a higher mean Keys score. Multiple linear regression analysis on TC levels of men identified six variables that explained 26.9% of the variation of TC. These were body mass index, age, the inverse of the polyunsaturated fat intake, saturated fat intake, polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio and cholesterol intake. For women only three variables (age, the inverse of the polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio, and body mass index) explained 30.2% of the variation of TC. Promotion of the prudent diet to lower TC levels of the coloured population of the Cape Peninsula is an increasingly urgent priority. 相似文献
10.
The enzymatic hydrolysis of starch, consisting of linear (amylose) and branched (amylopectin) glucose polymers, is catalyzed by -, - and glucoamylases (-amylases), cyclodextrinases, -glucosidases, and debranching enzymes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot utilize starch. Our laboratory has previously co-expressed the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens -amylase (AMY) and the Saccharomyces diastaticus glucoamylase (STA2) genes in S. cerevisiae. A gene encoding a debranching enzyme (pullulanase) from Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC15050 was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. This gene will be co-expressed with the - and -amylase to produce an amylolytic S. cerevisiae strain. Extensive data base comparisons of the K. pneumoniae pullulanase amino-acid sequence with the the amino-acid sequences of other debranching enzymes and -, - and -amylases (from bacteria, yeasts, higher fungi and higher eukaryotes), indicated that these debranching enzymes have amino-acid regions similar to those found in -amylases. The conserved regions in -amylases comprise key residues that are implicated in substrate binding, catalysis, and calcium binding and are as follows. Region 1: DVVINH; region 2: GFRLDAAKH and region 4: FVDNHD. When comparing conserved regions, no similarity could be detected between debranching enzymes and - and -amylases.
Present address: M.P.I. für Biophysikalische Chemie, Postfach 2841, D-3400 Göttingen, Germany (until 31 Dec 1993) 相似文献