Expression analysis of mTOR-associated lncRNAs in multiple sclerosis

Metabolic Brain Disease - mTOR has been shown to be involved in the regulation of immune responses and differentiation of immune cells. This protein is a candidate molecule for unraveling the...     

Review of evidence for the use of steroids in orthognathic surgery

Primarily, steroids are used routinely in orthognathic surgery to reduce swelling, but there is no nationally accepted regimen for the use of glucocorticoids in the UK. This article examines the evidence base for the use of steroids to reduce swelling, nausea, vomiting, and pain, and looks at evidence of the ratio of risks:benefits in orthognathic surgery and related publications. Evidence supports their use preoperatively, but the timing of this and their postoperative use may be contentious. The current regimens are associated with little morbidity and low cost. A well designed multi-centre study whose design would allow objective measures of swelling is required to resolve the areas of debate.     

The rs594445 in MOCOS gene is associated with risk of autism spectrum disorder

Metabolic Brain Disease - Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MOCOS) gene encodes an enzyme which is involved in purine metabolism. Recent experiments have shown down-regulation of MOCOS in adult nasal...     

Association Analysis Between the rs1899663 Polymorphism of HOTAIR and Risk of Psychiatric Conditions in an Iranian Population

Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - Recent studies have shown contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of a number of psychiatric disorders. In the current study, we...     

Bilateral atonic pupils after cataract surgery.

This case report describes the unusual finding of bilateral atonic pupils after cataract extraction by phacoemulsification in an 84-year-old woman with multiple cardiopulmonary risk factors.     

Multifocal pigmented villonodular synovitis in a child

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a rare benign disorder and usually affects young and middle-aged adults. It occurs either as a localised pedunculated form or more common diffuse form, and is almost always unifocal. Only few cases of multifocal involvement have been reported, all of them in children. Multifocal pigmented villonodular synovitis occurring in a 5-year-old girl is presented. Both her knees and left elbow were involved. All three lesions were of localised pedunculated type and were completely excised. She is believed to be one of the youngest patients reported.     

Post-thoracotomy pain and pulmonary function--comparison of intermittent intercostal bupivacaine vs intravenous pethidine

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In a prospective, observer-blind study, 50 patients scheduled for posterolateral thoracotomy were investigated to compare the effects of intermittent intercostal extrapleural bupivacaine (n = 25) and intravenous pethidine (n = 25) on post-thoracotomy pain and pulmonary function. The severity of chest pain (objectified by the use 5-point scale of Prince Henry) and changes in spirometric values [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC] were monitored during the first three postoperative days. Because intravenous pethidine was used to supplement pain relief in the patients who received intercostal analgesia, total pethidine used was compared to that administered to patients in the intravenous pethidine group. RESULTS: There were no statistical significant differences regarding patient demographics in both groups. No complications occurred. There was no significant difference between mean pain scores in the first postoperative day, but in the second and third postoperative days and also in the whole first 72 post-operative hours, pain scores were significantly higher in the intravenous group than the intercostal group. The postoperative decrease in FVC and FEV1 was significantly less with intercostal bupivacaine compared with the intravenous pethidine. There was no significant intergroup difference in the post- to pre-operative FEV1/FVC ratio. The total amount of the pethidine received by the patients was significantly higher in the intravenous group than the intercostal group. CONCLUSION: Intermittent intercostal nerve block with bupivacaine appears to be a promising, safe and reliable technique in the management of post-thoracotomy pain. Use of intercostal bupivacaine could significantly reduce or even eliminate the postoperative need for systemic narcotics.     

Serotonin,glutamate and glycerol are released after the injection of hypertonic saline into human masseter muscles – a microdialysis study

Background

Chronic myalgia is associated with higher muscle levels of certain algesic biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate if hypertonic saline-induced jaw myalgia also leads to release of such biomarkers and if there were any sex differences in this respect.

Methods

Healthy participants, 15 men and 15 aged-matched women (25.7 ± 4.3 years) participated. Intramuscular microdialysis into masseter muscles was performed to sample serotonin (5-HT), glutamate, lactate, pyruvate, glucose and glycerol. After 2 hours 0.2 mL hypertonic saline (58.5 mg/mL) was injected into the masseter on one side and 0.2 mL isotonic saline (9 mg/mL) into the contralateral masseter close to the microdialysis catheter. Microdialysis continued for 1 hour after the injections. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and pain were assessed before and after injections.

Results

The median (IQR) peak pain intensity (0–100 visual analogue scale) after hypertonic saline was 52.5 (38.0) and after isotonic saline 7.5 (24.0) (p < 0.05). 5-HT, glutamate and glycerol increased after hypertonic saline injection (p < 0.05). Lactate, pyruvate and glucose showed no change. PPT after microdialysis was reduced on both sides (p < 0.05) but without side differences. Pain after hypertonic saline injection correlated positively to 5-HT (p < 0.05) and negatively to glycerol (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

5-HT, glutamate and glycerol increased after a painful hypertonic saline injection into the masseter muscle, but without sex differences. Since increased levels of 5-HT and glutamate have been reported in chronic myalgia, this strengthens the validity of the pain model. Glycerol warrants further investigations.     

Nutrient Fate in Treated Wastewater Amenity Irrigation

No abstract available.