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Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) diving has grown in popularity, with nearly 9 million sport divers in
the United States alone. Approximately 7% of the population has been diagnosed with asthma, which is similar to the percentage
of divers admitting they have asthma. Numerous concerns exist regarding subjects with asthma who choose to participate in
recreational diving. Among these concerns are pulmonary barotrauma, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, arterial gas embolism,
ear barotrauma, sinus barotrauma, and dental barotrauma. Despite these concerns, a paucity of information exists linking asthma
to increased risk of diving complications. However, it has long been the norm to discourage individuals with asthma from participating
in recreational scuba diving. This article examines the currently available literature to allow for a more informed decision
regarding the possible risks associated with diving and asthma. It examines the underlying physiological principles associated
with diving, including Henry’s law and Boyle’s law, to provide a more intimate understanding on physiological changes occurring
in the respiratory system under compressive stress. Finally, this article offers a framework for guiding the patient with
asthma who is interested in scuba diving. Under the right circumstances, the patient with asthma can safely participate in
recreational diving without apparent increased risk of an asthma-related event. 相似文献
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Amin Sadeghi Dousari Seyed Soheil Hosseininasab Fatemeh Sadeghi Dousari Masoumeh Fuladvandi Naghmeh Satarzadeh 《World Journal of Virology》2023,12(2):91-99
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This disease is currently one of the most important global health problems. The novel coronavirus COVID-19 is a respiratory illness, that has caused a deadly pandemic that is spreading rapidly around the world. It is not only a respiratory system virus that causes severe lung disease, but also a systemic disease agent that can affect all systems. People with COVID-19 disease usually have respiratory signs, however, the liver disorder is not an uncommon presentation. In addition, many studies around the world have revealed that the liver is injured to various degrees in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease. This review mainly focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on Liver Injury at various ages. 相似文献
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(-)Tabersonine and (-)-11-methoxytabersonine were isolated from fruits of Melodinus reticulatus. Stems and leaves contain uvaol and eight alkaloids, five of which were previously described: (-)tabersonine, venalstonidine, kopsinine, venalstonine and its 3-oxoderivative. Three are new: 19-hydroxyvenalstonine, 19-hydroxyvenalstonidine and 3-oxovenalstonidine. 相似文献
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Tahereh Fathi Najafi Sareh Dashti Nasibeh Bolghanabadi Malihe Rezvanifard Nafise Andaroon Dina Abadibavil Fahimeh Tahoonian Golkhatmy Narjes Bahri 《Archives of Psychiatric Nursing》2021,35(3):255-260
Non-medical approaches including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have been proposed for the management of tocophobia. A new method of performing CBT is through internet. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of internet-based and traditional CBT on tocophobia. A literature search was conducted on qualitative and quantitative articles from 2000 to 2019 in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane databases using search terms referring to tocophobia and CBT. Identified articles were screened in two steps; 1) title and abstract and 2) full text screening. The quality of the quantitative and qualitative studies was assessed using the quality criteria proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration and Jonna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist respectively. Out of the 382 relevant studies, 9 studies were eligible for the review. A high level of heterogeneity was observed in the studies (I2 = 94%, P < 0.001). The meta-analysis showed that both internet-based, and traditional CBT were effective in reducing tocophobia. CBT was more effective in interventions in the Middle Eastern compared to European countries. More than five CBT sessions could significantly reduce tocophobia. Healthcare providers and midwives should have basic knowledge on physiological interventions to reduce tocophobia. 相似文献
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Hadi Naderi Alireza Najafi Mohammad Khoshroo 《Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry》2016,37(4):407-420
We developed an immune function assay for monitoring CD4+ T cells activity based on changes in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (iATP) levels after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. Blood samples were obtained from 40 healthy subjects and 30 RTRs and incubated with 5 µg/mL of PHA for 15–18 hr at 37°C and 5% CO2. Afterward, the CD4+ T cells were separated by antibody-coated magnetic beads and lysed. Then, iATP content in unstimulated and stimulated conditions was measured by luciferin-luciferase reaction using a log-log standard curve. The iATP levels showed significant increase in CD4+ T cells in both healthy persons (mean: 550 ± 142 ng/mL vs. 109 ± 54 ng/mL) and RTRs (mean: 394 ± 160 ng/mL vs. 52 ± 37 ng/mL) after PHA stimulation (P < 0.001). However, the iATP production in RTRs was significantly lower than that in healthy individuals; both prior to and after stimulation with PHA (P < 0.001). No gender-specific difference in iATP production was observed between women and men subjects. This rapid and low-cost assay reflects the degree of immune cell function through assessment of CD4+ T cells activation. Thus, it can be used for evaluation of immune system status in immunodeficient individuals as well as in immunosuppressed transplant recipients who needs drug adjustment. 相似文献
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Maryam Abbasian Mehri Delvarianzadeh Hossein Ebrahimi Farideh Khosravi Pirasteh Nourozi 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(4):497-500