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排序方式: 共有2824条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Marcel J. Kooy Wouter S. Dessing Esther F. Kroodsma Steven R. J. G. Smits Esther H. Fietje Martine Kruijtbosch Peter A. G. M. De Smet 《Pharmacy World & Science》2007,29(2):81-89
OBJECTIVE: According to a report published by the federation of Dutch patients' associations, patients would like to see a pharmacist, who acts more as a personal adviser. This raised the question, how often Dutch community pharmacists have personal consultations with their patients in daily practice, on which factors this depends, and what kind of topics are discussed during these meetings. SETTING: Community pharmacies in the Netherlands. METHOD: A questionnaire was distributed among 800 randomly selected pharmacies. Questions were restricted to consultations characterized by one-to-one contact, drug therapy related content, and adequate privacy. These consultations were labelled as pharmaceutical consultations in private to distinguish them from other contacts between pharmacists and patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Number, content, and character of consultations. RESULTS: 198 (24.8%) community pharmacies responded. The pharmacists provide an average of roughly 1.2 consultations in private per working day. The vast majority of respondents provided face-to-face and telephone consultations (94.4 and 91.9%, respectively), only a minority gave consultations by e-mail (30.8%). These consultations primarily dealt with topics related to medication safety. The mean overall time spent was 290 min per month. A relatively high frequency of personal consultations was significantly associated with the absolute number of full-time equivalent pharmacists in the pharmacy. CONCLUSION: The frequency of pharmaceutical consultations in private is low, but may be improved by reorganisation of the pharmacist's activities. The possibility of personal consultations by e-mail is not yet well-developed. Further research is needed to assess the patient's view of pharmaceutical consultations in private. 相似文献
3.
Leonidas JC; Berdon WE; Valderrama E; Neveling U; Schuval S; Weiss SJ; Hilfer C; Godine L 《Radiology》1996,198(2):377
4.
A Hennipman J Smits B van Oirschot J C van Houwelingen G Rijksen J P Neyt J A Van Unnik G E Staal 《Tumour biology》1987,8(5):251-263
The activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, enolase and pyruvate kinase were studied in breast cancer tissues, in comparison to benign breast disease and normal breast tissues. The enzyme activities in breast cancer were significantly increased compared to normal and benign breast tissues (p less than 0.001). Also the increase in activity in benign disease compared to normal was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Within the group of benign diseases, fibroadenomas could be distinguished from fibrocystic disease, the former generally showing higher activities compared to the latter (p less than or equal to 0.05). Carcinoma subgroups, classified according to their histology, could not be recognized enzymologically. In addition, isozyme composition of pyruvate kinase and enolase was studied. We did not find a significant shift towards K type pyruvate kinase expression in benign disease compared to normal breast tissues. Also fibroadenomas did not differ from fibrocystic disease. However, the amount of K type pyruvate kinase in carcinomas proved to be significantly higher in comparison to benign disease and normal breast tissues (p less than 0.001). Expression of alpha gamma-enolase in normal breast tissue was virtually absent. In benign disease only a minority of specimens did show the hybrid alpha gamma-enolase. Nearly all carcinomas had alpha gamma-enolase expression and in 20% of the carcinomas gamma gamma-enolase could be detected (so-called neuron-specific enolase). By discriminant analysis, the function giving the best discrimination compared to the histological data was based on natural logarithm aldolase and the total of gamma-enolase subunits. Contrary to expectation, the regulator enzymes of glycolysis; i.e., hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were not included in this discriminant function. The best fit produced a 90% correct classification in both benign and malignant disease. If these findings are confirmed to a larger series, the discrimination is sufficiently strong to form the basis of a clinically useful tool. 相似文献
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Joseph Smits 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》1888,28(3):238-242
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
8.
David M Spiegel Beverly Farmer Gerard Smits Michel Chonchol 《Journal of renal nutrition》2007,17(6):416-422
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of magnesium carbonate as a phosphate binder in hemodialysis patients. DESIGN: This study was a prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing magnesium carbonate/calcium carbonate versus calcium acetate as a sole phosphate binder. SETTING: This study involved outpatient hemodialysis. PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 30 stable hemodialysis patients without a history of frequent diarrhea. INTERVENTION: After receiving informed consent, we randomized patients 2:1 to magnesium carbonate versus calcium acetate. The dose of each binder was titrated to achieve the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) phosphate target of <5.5 mg/dL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The efficacy-phase serum phosphorus concentration and the percentage of patients meeting K-DOQI targets for phosphorus, along with the daily elemental calcium intake, were the primary outcome measures. RESULTS: Magnesium carbonate provided equal control of serum phosphorus (70.6% of the magnebind group and 62.5% of the calcium acetate group had their average serum phosphorus within the K-DOQI target during the efficacy phase), while significantly reducing daily elemental calcium ingestion from phosphate binders (908 +/- 24 vs. 1743 +/- 37 mg/day, P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Magnesium carbonate was generally well-tolerated in this selected patient population, and was effective in controlling serum phosphorus while reducing elemental calcium ingestion. 相似文献
9.
Kaufmann SJ; Sharif K; Sharma V; McVerry BA 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(2):498-499
The patient was diagnosed in childhood as having severe congenital
neutropenia and had recurrent admissions with severe infections. In 1987,
prior to getting married, she was sterilized. She continued to require i.v.
antibiotics when she contracted a severe infection. On one occasion, she
was treated with growth colony stimulating factor (G- CSF). Her increased
neutrophil count was sustained following this treatment. In June 1993, she
wished to start a family and underwent in- vitro fertilization (IVF)
treatment. G-CSF was given prior to oocyte retrieval. She conceived on her
first cycle and an ultrasound scan revealed a singleton pregnancy.
Throughout the course of the pregnancy, her white cell count was monitored
closely and remained at <1.0x10(9)/l. The pregnancy progressed
uneventfully and at 37 weeks gestation she was admitted for G-CSF
injections. At 38 weeks she was delivered of a boy weighing 3350 g, by
elective Caesarean section. His white cell count was normal. This is the
first case of G-CSF being used before conception and during pregnancy in a
patient with congenital neutropenia. It shows that advances in cytokine
therapy and close interdisciplinary liaison can lead to a successful
outcome and help patients, who would otherwise remain childless, to achieve
a family.
相似文献
10.
Silber SJ; Nagy Z; Devroey P; Tournaye H; Van Steirteghem AC 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(11):2422-2428
The aim of the study was to determine whether a prior diagnostic testicle
biopsy can predict success or failure of testicular sperm extraction (TESE)
with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients with
non-obstructive azoospermia caused by testicular failure, and what is the
minimum threshold of sperm production in the testis which must be surpassed
for spermatozoa to reach the ejaculate. Forty- five patients with
non-obstructive azoospermia caused by testicular failure underwent
diagnostic testicle biopsy prior to a planned future TESE-ICSI procedure.
The diagnostic testicle biopsy was analysed quantitatively, and correlated
with the quantitative findings of spermatogenesis in patients with normal
spermatogenesis, as well as with the results of subsequent attempts at
TESE-ICSI. Men with non- obstructive azoospermia caused by germinal failure
had a mean of 0-6 mature spermatids/seminiferous tubule seen on a
diagnostic testicle biopsy, compared to 17-35 mature spermatids/tubule in
men with normal spermatogenesis and obstructive azoospermia. These findings
were the same for all types of testicular failure whether Sertoli cell
only, maturation arrest, cryptorchidism, or post-chemotherapy azoospermia.
Twenty-two of 26 men with mature spermatids found in the prior testis
biopsy had successful retrieval of spermatozoa for ICSI, 12 of their
partners became pregnant, and are either ongoing or delivered. The study
suggests that 4-6 mature spermatids/tubule must be present in the testis
biopsy for any spermatozoa to reach the ejaculate. More than half of
azoospermic patients with germinal failure have minute foci of
spermatogenesis which are insufficient to produce spermatozoa in the
ejaculate. Prior diagnostic testicle biopsy analysed quantitatively (for
the presence of mature spermatids) can predict subsequent success or
failure with TESE-ICSI. Incomplete testicular failure may involve a sparse
multi-focal distribution of spermatogenesis throughout the entire testicle,
rather than a regional distribution. Therefore, it is possible that massive
testicular sampling from many different regions of the testes may not be
necessary for successful TESE-ICSI.
相似文献