Hair Loss after Rhytidectomy

BACKGROUND: Temporal hair loss has been reported to occur in up to 8.4% of patients after rhytidectomy. To date, no one has described the associated histopathologic findings. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to illustrate the microscopic findings seen in the affected area of hair loss after rhytidectomy. METHODS: Two punch biopsies from the temporal area were performed, and pathologic material was submitted. RESULTS: Histopathologic finding was suggestive of acute localized telogen effluvium. CONCLUSION: One mechanism for temporal hair loss after rhytidectomy is an acute localized telogen effluvium.     

Erythrodermic bullous pemphigoid

We report a case of erythrodermic type of bullous pemphigoid which is a rare variant of bullous pemphigoid. Our patient had a peculiar clinical presentation with bullae, erosions and extensive erythrodermic areas, and distinct direct immunofluorescent findings which included linear IgG and C3 deposits in the basement membrane and also IgG in the intercellular spaces. Very high levels of serum IgE were also detected in our patient.     

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy in BB rats and effect of ARI treatment on heart-rate variability and vagus nerve structure

The preventive effect of the aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) ponalrestat on heart-rate variability and the development of autonomic neuropathy in the vagus nerve was investigated in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat. ARI treatment completely prevented the characteristic decrease in heart-rate variability and axonal atrophy of the vagus nerve for 4 mo in hyperglycemic BB rats. After 6 mo of treatment, the preventive effect on heart-rate variability was partial, and the vagus nerve demonstrated an increase in regenerating myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. These data suggest that autonomic neuropathy involving the vagus nerve is metabolically induced by demonstrating that inhibition of the polyol pathway significantly delays the occurrence of functional and structural autonomic neuropathy despite the presence of hyperglycemia.     

A PCR Specific for Escherichia coli O157 Based on the rfb Locus Encoding O157 Lipopolysaccharide

A PCR was developed for the detection of Escherichia coli O157 based on the rfbE O-antigen synthesis genes. A 479-bp PCR product was amplified specifically from E. coli O157 in cell lysates containing 200 or 2 CFU following crude DNA extraction. The PCR detected <1 CFU of E. coli O157 per ml in raw milk following enrichment.     

Th1 cell development induced by cysteine proteinases A and B in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis

The cysteine proteinases CPA and CPB from Leishmania major induced Th1 responses in patients with leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis. Furthermore, cysteine proteinases induced neither interleukin 4 (IL-4) nor IL-13 and low levels of IL-10 in controls and patients. The results suggest that CPs would be quite good candidates for a vaccine against different Leishmania species.     

Changes of enzyme activities in ovine fetal fluids and maternal blood serum with gestational age

Our objectives were threefold: (1) to assess the activities of tissue enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) in the fetal fluids (amniotic and allantoic) collected from the gravid sheep uteri obtained from the abattoir and also in the maternal blood serum at various stages of pregnancy, (2) to compare the enzyme activities of fetal fluids relative to the maternal serum, and (3) to compare the enzyme activities in serum of pregnant ewes to nonpregnant ones. The stages of gestation, viz., stage I (30–60 days), stage II (61–90 days), and stage III (91–120 days) were identified based on the crown anus length of the fetus. As the gestational ages increased, AST significantly (p < 0.01) increased in the amniotic fluid and maternal blood serum but decreased in allantoic fluid; ALT had no changes in fetal fluids and the maternal blood serum; ALP decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in allantoic fluid but had no changes in the amniotic fluid and maternal serum; LDH increased significantly (p < 0.01) in amniotic and allantoic fluids but decreased in maternal serum; CK decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in fetal fluids and maternal serum. The enzyme activities were significantly higher in maternal sera than fetal fluids but were successively less in allantoic and amniotic fluids (p < 0.01). The activity of enzymes in maternal sera of pregnant and nonpregnant ewes were nearly the same. Except for LDH and CK, the greatest activities were found in the maternal serum in stage I and for AST in stage III of pregnancy (p < 0.01). These findings may have appreciable diagnostic significance in prenatal detection of disease status in both the dam and the fetus.     

Adsorption thermodynamics of carbofuran on sandy clay loam and silt loam soils

The adsorption of carbofuran on sandy clay loam and silt loam soils has been studied at 30 and 50 degrees C. Adsorption data for both soils are in close agreement with the Freundlich isotherms and yield "S" class isotherms. The order of adsorption of carbofuran is in accordance with the partial molal free energy changes and conforms to the mobility of carbofuran in different soils. The thermodynamic constant (K0) and standard free energy (delta G degrees), enthalpy (delta H degrees), and entropy changes (delta S degrees) have also been calculated for predicting the nature of adsorption.     

A qualitative exploration of barriers to HIV prevention,treatment and support: Perspectives of transgender women and service providers

Transgender (trans) women experience barriers to access to HIV care, which result in their lower engagement in HIV prevention, treatment and support relative to cisgender people living with HIV. Studies of trans women's barriers to HIV care have predominantly focused on perspectives of trans women, while barriers are most often described at provider, organisation and/or systems levels. Comparing perspectives of trans women and service providers may promote a shared vision for achieving health equity. Thus, this qualitative study utilised focus groups and semi-structured interviews conducted 2018–2019 to understand barriers and facilitators to HIV care from the perspectives of trans women (n = 26) and service providers (n = 10). Barriers endorsed by both groups included: (a) anticipated and enacted stigma and discrimination in the provision of direct care, (b) lack of provider knowledge of HIV care needs for trans women, (c) absence of trans-specific services/organisations and (d) cisnormativity in sexual healthcare. Facilitators included: (a) provision of trans-positive trauma-informed care, (b) autonomy and choice for trans women in selecting sexual health services and (c) models for trans-affirming systems change. Each theme had significant overlap, yet nuanced perspective, between trans women and service providers. Specific recommendations to improve HIV care access for trans women are discussed. These recommendations can be used by administrators and service providers alike to work collaboratively with trans women to reduce barriers and facilitators to HIV care and ultimately to achieve health equity for trans women.     

The clinical radiological and histological correlation of orbital assessment in malignant lesions of the maxillo-ethmoid complex

Twelve patients undergoing surgery between May 1995 and March 1999 for malignant tumours of the paranasal sinuses abutting or invading the orbital walls were studied for the need to remove orbital contents. Alt patients were evaluated clinically, radiologically (CT Scan) and per-operatively to delineate the extent of orbital invasion. Combined regimen (Surgery + Radiotherapy) were used in all patients. A biopsy from periorbita was taken when eye was spared. It was found that per-operative evaluation of the orbit is equally specific in comparision to clinical and CT Scan combined and eye may be preserved in selected patients with involvement of orbital periosteum provided there is no frank soft tissue mass in the orbit.