全文获取类型
收费全文 | 159篇 |
免费 | 5篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 3篇 |
妇产科学 | 4篇 |
基础医学 | 16篇 |
口腔科学 | 2篇 |
临床医学 | 8篇 |
内科学 | 34篇 |
皮肤病学 | 3篇 |
神经病学 | 6篇 |
特种医学 | 14篇 |
外国民族医学 | 2篇 |
外科学 | 26篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
预防医学 | 6篇 |
药学 | 13篇 |
肿瘤学 | 16篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 10篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 8篇 |
2007年 | 7篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 3篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 6篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有165条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
SHU H.; TEITELBAUM P.; EBB A. S.; ARPLE L.; RUNCK B.; EI ROSSI D.; URRAY F. J.; AUSTENBACH D. 《Toxicological sciences》1988,10(2):335-343
Bioavailability of Soil-Bound TCDD: Dermal Bioavailability inthe Rat. SHU, H., TEITELBAUM, T., WEBB, A. S., MARPLE, L., BRUNCK,B. DEI ROSSI, D., MURRAY, J., AND PAUSTENBACH, D. (1988). Fundam.Appl. Toxicol. 10, 335-343. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD), an unwanted by-product formed during the manufactureof hexachlorophene and phenoxyherbicides, has been found asan environmental contaminant in many U.S. and Western Europeansites. This study examines in the rat the degree of dermal absorptionof TCDD bound to soil. Such information would assist regulatoryagencies in evaluating the degree of exposure of humans whocome in contact with TCDD-contaminated soil. Several parameterswhich may influence dermal absorption were studied, includingTCDD dose, duration of contact, presence of crankcase oil asa co-contaminant, and environmentally contaminated vs laboratory-preparedsoil. The dermal penetration of TCDD following 4 hr of contactwith skin was approximately 60% of that following 24 hr of contact(P 0.05). Following 24 hr of contact with the skin, the degreeof dermal uptake of TCDD contaminated soil was approximately1% of the administered dose. Under the conditions of the presentstudy, the degree of uptake does not appear to be influencedto any significant extent by the concentration of TCDD on soil,the presence of crankcase oil as co-contaminants, or by environmentallyvs laboratory-contaminated soil. Although a number of parametersexamined in this study did not significantly influence the degreeof dermal absorption of TCDD in the rat following 24 hr of contactwith the contaminated soil, the unqualified use of the 1% valueto estimate human exposure would overestimate human exposure,since there is general agreement among researchers that ratskin tends to be more permeable than human skin to highly lipid-solublecompounds such as TCDD. 相似文献
2.
Igarashi S; Takiyama Y; Cancel G; Rogaeva EA; Sasaki H; Wakisaka A; Zhou YX; Takano H; Endo K; Sanpei K; Oyake M; Tanaka H; Stevanin G; Abbas N; Durr A; Rogaev EI; Sherrington R; Tsuda T; Ikeda M; Cassa E; Nishizawa M; Benomar A; Julien J; Weissenbach J; Tsuji S 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(7):923-932
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative
disorder caused by unstable expansion of a CAG repeat in the MJD1 gene at
14q32.1. To identify elements affecting the intergenerational instability
of the CAG repeat, we investigated whether the CGG/GGG polymorphism at the
3' end of the CAG repeat affects intergenerational instability of the CAG
repeat. The [expanded (CAG)n-CGG]/[normal (CAG)n- GGG] haplotypes were
found to result in significantly greater instability of the CAG repeat
compared to the [expanded (CAG)n- CGG]/[normal (CAG)n-CGG] or [expanded
(CAG)nGGG]/[normal (CAG)n-GGG] haplotypes. Multiple stepwise logistic
regression analysis revealed that the relative risk for a large
intergenerational change in the number of CAG repeat units (< -2 or >
2) is 7.7-fold (95% CI: 2.5-23.9) higher in the case of paternal
transmission than in that of maternal transmission and 7.4-fold (95% CI:
2.4-23.3) higher in the case of transmission from a parent with the
[expanded (CAG)n-CGG]/[normal (CAG)n-GGG] haplotypes than in that of
transmission from a parent with the [expanded (CAG)n-CGG]/[normal
(CAG)n-CGG] or [expanded (CAG)n- GGG]/[normal (CAG)n-GGG] haplotypes. The
combination of paternal transmission and the [expanded (CAG)n-CGG]/[normal
(CAG)n-GGG] haplotypes resulted in a 75.2-fold (95% CI: 9.0-625.0) increase
in the relative risk compared with that of maternal transmission and the
[expanded (CAG)n-CGG]/[normal (CAG)n-CGG] or [expanded (CAG)n- GGG]/[normal
(CAG)n-GGG] haplotypes. The results suggest that an inter- allelic
interaction is involved in the intergenerational instability of the
expanded CAG repeat.
相似文献
3.
Chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus frequency in nurses occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
Anwar Wagida A.; Salama Somaia I.; Serafy Mostafa M.EI; Hemida Samia A.; Hafez Ahmed S. 《Mutagenesis》1994,9(4):315-317
In this study, we evaluated the effect of low level occupationalexposure of nurses in a medical oncology unit in Cairo, Egypt,to anticancer drugs. Twenty nurses who constantly handled thesedrugs and 20 controls, matched according to age and sex, wereexamined. Metaphase chromosomes were studied. Percentages ofmetaphases with chromosomal aberrations were significantly higher(P < 0.001) in the exposed group (6.1 ± 2.7) versusthe controls (2.6 ± 1.6). The detected chromosomal aberrationswere in the form of chromatid gaps, chromatid breaks and acentricfragments. Micronucleated peripheral blood lymphocytes werealso analyzed in cytochalasin B treated binucleated lymphocytes.There was significant increase in cells with micronuclei (P< 0.001) in nurses (10.05 ± 4.71) in comparison tothe matched control (5.42 ± 2.22) (P < 0.001). Nursesexposed to the cytotoxic drugs for 相似文献
4.
Dal Zotto L; Quaderi NA; Elliott R; Lingerfelter PA; Carrel L; Valsecchi V; Montini E; Yen CH; Chapman V; Kalcheva I; Arrigo G; Zuffardi O; Thomas S; Willard HF; Ballabio A; Disteche CM; Rugarli EI 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(3):489-499
We have recently reported isolation of the gene responsible for X- linked
Opitz G/BBB syndrome, a defect of midline development. MID1 is located on
the distal short arm of the human X chromosome (Xp22. 3) and encodes a
novel member of the B box family of zinc finger proteins. We have now
cloned the murine homolog of MID1 and performed preliminary expression
studies during development. Mid1 expression in undifferentiated cells in
the central nervous, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems suggests that
abnormal cell proliferation may underlie the defect in midline development
characteristic of Opitz syndrome. We have also found that Mid1 is located
within the mouse pseudoautosomal region (PAR) in Mus musculus , while it
seems to be X- specific in Mus spretus. Therefore, Mid1 is likely to be a
recent acquisition of the M. musculus PAR. Genetic and FISH analyses also
demonstrated a high frequency of unequal crossovers in the murine PAR,
creating spontaneous deletion/duplication events involving Mid1. These data
provide evidence for the first time that genetic instability of the PAR may
affect functionally important genes. In addition, we show that MID1 is the
first example of a gene subject to X-inactivation in man while escaping it
in mouse. These data contribute to a better understanding of the molecular
content and evolution of the rodent PAR.
相似文献
5.
E. Ollila Researcher S. Sihvo Researcher J. Merilainen Systems Designer E. Hcmminki Professor 《BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》1997,104(4):488-494
Objective Norplant® and Norplant-2® have been available for use by Finnish women since 1984 and 1986, respectively. The objective of this study was to explore Norplant users' experiences of insertions, removals and medical treatments.
Design A questionnaire was sent to women who had received Norplant® or Norplant-2® implants one to two years earlier ( n = 262) in normal clinical settings; the response rate was 79%.
Results At insertion, problems were experienced by 9% and at least some pain by 23% of women. During the first year 20% of all users (14% of Norplant® and 33% of Norplant-2® users) had their implants removed. Problems were experienced at removal by 33% of women and pain was experienced by 40%; nevertheless most users were satisfied with the device. Findings were similar for the two types of Norplant. Forty-two percent of the women had received minipills containing levonorgestrel before Norplant insertions in an attempt to assess Norplant's suitability, and 8% had received drugs for adverse effects caused by Norplant.
Conclusions Studies including perspectives of Norplant users and the whole lifespan of Norplant (including removal) should be conducted in all clinical settings where Norplant is provided. 相似文献
Design A questionnaire was sent to women who had received Norplant® or Norplant-2® implants one to two years earlier ( n = 262) in normal clinical settings; the response rate was 79%.
Results At insertion, problems were experienced by 9% and at least some pain by 23% of women. During the first year 20% of all users (14% of Norplant® and 33% of Norplant-2® users) had their implants removed. Problems were experienced at removal by 33% of women and pain was experienced by 40%; nevertheless most users were satisfied with the device. Findings were similar for the two types of Norplant. Forty-two percent of the women had received minipills containing levonorgestrel before Norplant insertions in an attempt to assess Norplant's suitability, and 8% had received drugs for adverse effects caused by Norplant.
Conclusions Studies including perspectives of Norplant users and the whole lifespan of Norplant (including removal) should be conducted in all clinical settings where Norplant is provided. 相似文献
6.
M Tanner M Hollmén T T Junttila A I Kapanen S Tommola Y Soini H Helin J Salo H Joensuu E Sihvo K Elenius J Isola 《Annals of oncology》2005,16(2):273-278
BACKGROUND: HER-2/neu gene amplification has predictive value in breast cancer patients responding to trastuzumab. We wanted to investigate the frequency and clinical significance of HER-2/neu amplification in gastric carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The frequency of HER-2/neu and Topoisomerase IIalpha gene amplification was studied in adenocarcinomas of the stomach (n=131) and the gastroesophageal junction (n=100) by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Sensitivity of a gastric cancer cell line N87 with HER-2/neu amplification to trastuzumab was studied by a cell viability assay and compared with that of a HER-2 amplified breast cancer cell line SKBR-3. Growth inhibition of N87 cells was also verified in vivo in N87 xenograft tumors. RESULTS: HER-2/neu amplification was present in 16 (12.2%) of the 131 gastric and in 24 (24.0%) of the 100 gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. Co-amplification of Topoisomerase IIalpha was present in the majority of gastric (63%) and esophagogastric junction cancers (68%) with HER-2/neu amplification. HER-2/neu amplification was more common in the intestinal histologic type of gastric cancer (21.5%) than in the diffuse (2%) or the mixed/anaplastic type (5%, P=0.0051), but it was not associated with gender, age at diagnosis or clinical stage. Presence of HER-2/neu amplification was associated with poor carcinoma-specific survival (P=0.0089). HER-2/neu targeting antibody trastuzumab inhibited the growth of a p185(HER-2/neu) overexpressing gastric and breast carcinoma cell lines (N87 and SKBR-3) with equal efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: HER-2/neu amplification is common in the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma, and it is associated with a poor outcome. HER-2 might be a useful target in this disease, and this hypothesis deserves to be investigated in clinical trials. 相似文献
7.
A Fukui EI Ntrivalas A Gilman-Sachs J Kwak-Kim KD Beaman 《American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)》2006,55(6):395-395
Aim: To determine if IgA is required for protection against Chlamydia infection in the male reproductive tract (MRT).
Materials and Methods: Male polyimmunoglobulin receptor knockout mice (PIgR-/- ) and wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) mice were immunised intranasally with chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP) and cholera toxin (CT). MOMP-specific IgG and IgA in serum and prostatic fluids were measured by ELISA. Serum and PF were also assayed for inhibition of in vitro chlamydial infection. Immunized WT and PIgR-/- mice were challenged by direct inoculation of C. muridarum into the meatus urethra. Four weeks post challenge Chlamydia levels in the penile urethra, epididymis and testis were determined by PCR.
Results: Equivalent levels of IgG were found in the serum of both WT and PIgR-/- mice however IgA in serum of PIgR-/- mice was 19- to 20-fold higher than in WT animals consistent with the lack of the PIgR IgA transport molecule. IgA levels were significantly lower in PIgR-/- PF compared to WT PF after both immunization and infection. Only PF from WT but not PIgR-/- animals was able to inhibit in vitro chlamydial infection. Following challenge significantly higher levels of Chlamydia were recovered from the MRT of PIgR-/- mice compared to WT animals.
Conclusions: Male mice lacking a functional PIgR were unable to clear a genital tract Chlamydia infection despite high levels of serum IgA. These data show that mucosal IgA plays a major role in preventing chlamydial infection of the male genital tract and suggest that immunization strategies to protect males should target a strong mucosal IgA response. 相似文献
Materials and Methods: Male polyimmunoglobulin receptor knockout mice (PIgR
Results: Equivalent levels of IgG were found in the serum of both WT and PIgR
Conclusions: Male mice lacking a functional PIgR were unable to clear a genital tract Chlamydia infection despite high levels of serum IgA. These data show that mucosal IgA plays a major role in preventing chlamydial infection of the male genital tract and suggest that immunization strategies to protect males should target a strong mucosal IgA response. 相似文献
8.
ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) in HIV/AIDS patients attending two different hospitals in southeast Nigeria.MethodsWe collected 970 urine samples from HIV/AIDS patients attending two different hospitals in southeast Nigeria. Samples were processed by microscopy and cultural methods.ResultsOut of the 970 screened, 355 (36.60%) were positive for T. vaginalis. Subjects with the least CD4+ count in the range of 40-140 cells/mL had the highest number of positive samples (180, 50.70%), while those in the range of 480-580 cells/mL had the least value (2, 0.56%). Those in the rural areas had a higher number of positive samples (155, 38.75%) than their urban counterparts (200, 35.09%) with respect to the total number examined in each group but this was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Out of the 355 positive cases, the university undergraduate students’ group had the highest percentage incidence of 53.00% followed by the low-income group with 47.08%.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the occurrence of T. vaginalis increases with decrease in the CD4+ counts in HIV/AIDS patients in Nigeria. Since T. vaginalis may be an important cofactor in promoting the spread of HIV and, in some circumstances, may have a major impact on the epidemic dynamics of HIV, there is a need to take measures to check the spread of this parasitic infection. 相似文献
9.
J. Lonnqvist H. Sintonen E. Syvlahti B. Appelberg T. Koskinen T. Mannikko O.-P. Mehtonen M. Naarala S. Sihvo J. Auvinen H. Pitkanen 《Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica》1994,89(6):363-369
The efficacy of moclobemide (300–450 mg7sol;day) was compared with fluoxetine (20–40 mg/day) in a double-blind, multicentre study in 209 patients with new episodes of depression selected from 612 consecutive depressed patients representative of those consulting psychiatric services in Finland. Antidepressant efficacy was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). The Medical Outcome Study Short-form General Health Survey (SF-20) and 15D Measure of Quality of Life were used to measure effectiveness in terms of health-related quality of life. Efficacy was evident with both drug treatments, with 67% in the moclobemide group and 57% in the fluoxetine group having a reduction in HDRS of more than 50%. Similarly, 77% of the patients in the moclobemide group and 67% in the fluoxetine group were assessed on the CGI as much better or very much better after 6 weeks of treatment. The most commonly reported adverse events were nausea, other gastrointestinal symptoms, nervousness, dizziness and sleep disorders. Nausea was significantly more common in the fluoxetine group and was found especially in women. Premature terminations of treatment were 18% in the moclobemide and 21% in the fluoxetine group. A significant change for the better in quality of life was found in both treatment groups, even at week 2 but especially after 6 weeks of treatment. Improvement was not only seen in dimensions measuring depression or mental health but also in other dimensions. 相似文献
10.
Ultrasound diagnosis of hydrocolpos and hydrometrocolpos 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1