全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16261篇 |
免费 | 1489篇 |
国内免费 | 59篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 109篇 |
儿科学 | 664篇 |
妇产科学 | 384篇 |
基础医学 | 2122篇 |
口腔科学 | 344篇 |
临床医学 | 2206篇 |
内科学 | 2858篇 |
皮肤病学 | 199篇 |
神经病学 | 1294篇 |
特种医学 | 380篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 2566篇 |
综合类 | 405篇 |
一般理论 | 18篇 |
预防医学 | 1792篇 |
眼科学 | 381篇 |
药学 | 1126篇 |
中国医学 | 20篇 |
肿瘤学 | 940篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 124篇 |
2022年 | 167篇 |
2021年 | 373篇 |
2020年 | 244篇 |
2019年 | 350篇 |
2018年 | 381篇 |
2017年 | 307篇 |
2016年 | 277篇 |
2015年 | 363篇 |
2014年 | 500篇 |
2013年 | 758篇 |
2012年 | 964篇 |
2011年 | 1077篇 |
2010年 | 605篇 |
2009年 | 532篇 |
2008年 | 879篇 |
2007年 | 987篇 |
2006年 | 939篇 |
2005年 | 898篇 |
2004年 | 840篇 |
2003年 | 733篇 |
2002年 | 768篇 |
2001年 | 291篇 |
2000年 | 255篇 |
1999年 | 254篇 |
1998年 | 204篇 |
1997年 | 170篇 |
1996年 | 130篇 |
1995年 | 122篇 |
1994年 | 132篇 |
1993年 | 93篇 |
1992年 | 212篇 |
1991年 | 206篇 |
1990年 | 179篇 |
1989年 | 149篇 |
1988年 | 152篇 |
1987年 | 129篇 |
1986年 | 155篇 |
1985年 | 144篇 |
1984年 | 128篇 |
1983年 | 113篇 |
1982年 | 99篇 |
1981年 | 91篇 |
1980年 | 89篇 |
1979年 | 111篇 |
1978年 | 105篇 |
1975年 | 73篇 |
1974年 | 81篇 |
1973年 | 83篇 |
1972年 | 87篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Journal of Behavioral Medicine - Evidence supports the use of graphic warnings to educate the public about the health harms of smoking and suggests warnings eliciting negative emotional responses... 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
Cameron Duff 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2020,115(7):1378-1381
In 1998 Howard Parker, Judith Aldridge & Fiona Measham published Illegal Leisure, a ground‐breaking study of profound changes in British youth cultures in the 1990s, and the place of drugs and drug use in these upheavals. This work introduced the ‘normalization thesis’ to the social sciences, offering a novel vocabulary for re‐imagining the normative character of young people's attitudes towards and experiences of illicit drug use. Arriving at the dawn of the new century, the book offered a thoroughgoing re‐thinking of the character of youth cultures at a time of great social, cultural, economic and technological disruption. In so doing, the book deftly anticipated many of the most interesting currents of critical drug studies that followed. 相似文献
5.
Christopher D Hue Frances S Cho Siqi Cao Cameron R ”Dale” Bass David F Meaney Barclay Morrison III 《Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism》2015,35(7):1191-1198
Owing to the frequent incidence of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) in recent military conflicts, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapies for bTBI-related pathologies. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown has been reported to occur after primary blast exposure, making restoration of BBB function and integrity a promising therapeutic target. We tested the hypothesis that treatment with dexamethasone (DEX) after primary blast injury potentiates recovery of an in vitro BBB model consisting of mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3). DEX treatment resulted in complete recovery of transendothelial electrical resistance and hydraulic conductivity 1 day after injury, compared with 3 days for vehicle-treated injured cultures. Administration of RU486 (mifepristone) inhibited effects of DEX, confirming that barrier restoration was mediated by glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Potentiated recovery with DEX treatment was accompanied by stronger zonula occludens (ZO)-1 tight junction immunostaining and expression, suggesting that increased ZO-1 expression was a structural correlate to BBB recovery after blast. Interestingly, augmented ZO-1 protein expression was associated with specific upregulation of the α+ isoform but not the α− isoform. This is the first study to provide a mechanistic basis for potentiated functional recovery of an in vitro BBB model because of glucocorticoid treatment after primary blast injury. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
9.
Jennifer C. Sasaki Ashley Allemang Steven M. Bryce Laura Custer Kerry L. Dearfield Yasmin Dietz Azeddine Elhajouji Patricia A. Escobar Albert J. Fornace Jr Roland Froetschl Sheila Galloway Ulrike Hemmann Giel Hendriks Heng-Hong Li Mirjam Luijten Gladys Ouedraogo Lauren Peel Stefan Pfuhler Daniel J. Roberts Véronique Thybaud Jan van Benthem Carole L. Yauk Maik Schuler 《Environmental and molecular mutagenesis》2020,61(1):114-134
In May 2017, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee hosted a workshop to discuss whether mode of action (MOA) investigation is enhanced through the application of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework. As AOPs are a relatively new approach in genetic toxicology, this report describes how AOPs could be harnessed to advance MOA analysis of genotoxicity pathways using five example case studies. Each of these genetic toxicology AOPs proposed for further development includes the relevant molecular initiating events, key events, and adverse outcomes (AOs), identification and/or further development of the appropriate assays to link an agent to these events, and discussion regarding the biological plausibility of the proposed AOP. A key difference between these proposed genetic toxicology AOPs versus traditional AOPs is that the AO is a genetic toxicology endpoint of potential significance in risk characterization, in contrast to an adverse state of an organism or a population. The first two detailed case studies describe provisional AOPs for aurora kinase inhibition and tubulin binding, leading to the common AO of aneuploidy. The remaining three case studies highlight provisional AOPs that lead to chromosome breakage or mutation via indirect DNA interaction (inhibition of topoisomerase II, production of cellular reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of DNA synthesis). These case studies serve as starting points for genotoxicity AOPs that could ultimately be published and utilized by the broader toxicology community and illustrate the practical considerations and evidence required to formalize such AOPs so that they may be applied to genetic toxicity evaluation schemes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:114–134, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
10.
Fiene Marie Kuijper Uma V. Mahajan Seul Ku Daniel A.N. Barbosa Sheila M. Alessi Sherman C. Stein Kyle M. Kampman Brandon S. Bentzley Casey H. Halpern 《Neuromodulation》2022,25(2):253-262
ObjectivesCocaine is the second most frequently used illicit drug worldwide (after cannabis), and cocaine use disorder (CUD)-related deaths increased globally by 80% from 1990 to 2013. There is yet to be a regulatory-approved treatment. Emerging preclinical evidence indicates that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens may be a therapeutic option. Prior to expanding the costly investigation of DBS for treatment of CUD, it is important to ensure societal cost-effectiveness.AimsWe conducted a threshold and cost-effectiveness analysis to determine the success rate at which DBS would be equivalent to contingency management (CM), recently identified as the most efficacious therapy for treatments of CUDs.Materials and MethodsQuality of life, efficacy, and safety parameters for CM were obtained from previous literature. Costs were calculated from a societal perspective. Our model predicted the utility benefit based on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental-cost-effectiveness ratio resulting from two treatments on a one-, two-, and five-year timeline.ResultsOn a one-year timeline, DBS would need to impart a success rate (ie, cocaine free) of 70% for it to yield the same utility benefit (0.492 QALYs per year) as CM. At no success rate would DBS be more cost-effective (incremental-cost-effectiveness ratio <$50,000) than CM during the first year. Nevertheless, as DBS costs are front loaded, DBS would need to achieve success rates of 74% and 51% for its cost-effectiveness to exceed that of CM over a two- and five-year period, respectively.ConclusionsWe find DBS would not be cost-effective in the short term (one year) but may be cost-effective in longer timelines. Since DBS holds promise to potentially be a cost-effective treatment for CUDs, future randomized controlled trials should be performed to assess its efficacy. 相似文献