Identification of the medial femoral safe zone for drilling during dynamic hip screw side plate fixation: A CT angiogram tracing of the profunda femoris artery

Objectives

Iatrogenic injury of the Profunda Femoris Artery (PFA) at time of hip fixation surgery can increase morbidity and mortality and prolong the hospital stay. This is an injury that tends to pass unnoticed as a cause of postoperative deterioration despite being frequently reported in the literature. Our study aims to describe the anatomy of the PFA in relation to the medial femoral cortex with specific emphasis on its orientation relative to the position of a sliding hip screw side plate construct. By doing so we are able to present clear guidance to orthopaedic surgeons on how to avoid iatrogenic PFA injury at the time of hip fracture fixation.

The anesthetic management of ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair in a child with mitochondrial cytopathy

PURPOSE: To present the anesthetic management for the correction of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) in a patient with multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (glutaric aciduria type II; GAII). A review of the literature about anesthetic management of patients with mitochondrial diseases undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is also included. Clinical features: An 11-yr-old girl with GAII manifested as severe hypoglycemia since she was a newborn and generalized muscle weakness. She underwent open-heart surgery for VSD correction with CPB. The anesthetic management avoided inhalational anesthetics, maintained the blood sugar within normal limits and continued normothermia during CPB in order to avoid the stress of hypothermia for her abnormal mitochondria. The patient tolerated the procedure well and experienced a good recovery. CONCLUSION: The anesthetic management of patients with any mitochondrial disease requires normoglycemia, normothermia and the avoidance of metabolic stress in order to preserve energy production by the diseased mitochondria.     

Risk stratification and dental management of the patient with cardiovascular diseases. Part II: Oral disease burden and principles of dental management.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States and most other Western countries. In the United States alone, more than 1 million annual deaths and as many as three times that number of serious consequences can be attributed to these conditions. To provide care to patients with cardiovascular disease, oral health care providers must understand the disease, its treatment, and its impact on the patient's ability to undergo and respond to dental care.     

Normothermic renal artery perfusion: A comparison of perfusates

Hypothermia and preservative perfusates have been used to decrease ischemic renal injury. This study was performed to identify the preservative function of perfusates independent of the effects of hypothermia. Rats underwent 45 minutes of renal ischemia. Rectal and renal parenchyma temperatures were monitored and maintained within 1° C of normal. Perfusates were University of Wisconsin solution (UW), Euro-Collins solution, normal saline solution, and Ringer's lactate solution. A nonperfused ischemic control and a nonischemic control group were also evaluated. Parameters evaluated included serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, renal ischemic injury grade, renal weight, and gross appearance of the injured kidney. Rats treated with UW solution were found to have a significantly lower creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and injury grade than the other three perfused groups. The external gross appearance of the UW-treated kidneys was normal, whereas that of the other groups demonstrated moderate to severe injury. Although the mean right/left renal weight difference of the UW-treated group was lower than that of the other three groups, this was not statistically significant. Under normothermic conditions in rats, UW solution affords significant renal protection from ischemia. Euro-Collins, normal saline, and Ringer's lactate solutions display no significant protective effect.Presented at the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society, New Orleans, La., June 10, 1995.     

Primary gastroesophageal-ileal hodgkin lymphoma

Primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract is exceedingly rare to the point that some authors regard with skepticism the existence of this entity. Cases of gastrointestinal Hodgkin lymphoma have been reported previously; however, most of these cases represented secondary involvement of the digestive tract in the context of systemic disease. Other cases have been reclassified in retrospective studies as non-Hodgkin lymphomas after the application of immunohistochemical techniques. We report a case of primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract in a patient who presented with obstructive symptoms at the site of a gastroileal bypass; the bypass had been performed years earlier because of morbid obesity. Some non-Hodgkin lymphomas may morphologically mimic Hodgkin lymphoma and vice versa; therefore, an accurate pathologic diagnosis is important, since the therapeutic approach and prognostic implications differ significantly for these diseases. In this context, immunohistochemistry should be used to confirm or to exclude the histologic diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma.     

Surgical Management of Craniovertebral Junction Schwannomas: A Systematic Review

Background: Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) schwannomas are rare, with surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) being effective yet challenging options. We systematically reviewed the literature on CVJ schwannomas. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web-of-Science, and Cochrane were searched following the PRISMA statement to include studies reporting CVJ schwannomas. Clinical features, management, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: We collected 353 patients from 101 included articles. Presenting symptoms were mostly neck pain (30.3%) and headache (26.3%), with most cranial neuropathies involving the XII (31.2%) and X (24.4%) nerves. Most tumors originated from C2 (30.9%) and XII (29.4%) nerves, being extracranial (45.1%) and intradural-extradural (44.2%). Erosion of C1–C2 vertebrae (37.1%), the hypoglossal canal (28.3%), and/or jugular foramen (20.1%) were noted. All tumors were operated, preferably with the retrosigmoid approach (36.5%), with the far-lateral approach (29.7%) or with the posterior approach and cervical laminectomy (26.9%), far-lateral approaches (14.2%), or suboccipital craniotomy with concurrent cervical laminectomy (14.2%). Complete tumor resection was obtained most frequently (61.5%). Adjuvant post-surgery stereotactic radiosurgery was delivered in 5.9% patients. Median follow-up was 27 months (range, 12–252). Symptom improvement was noted in 88.1% of cases, and cranial neuropathies showed improvement in 10.2%. Post-surgical complications occurred in 83 patients (23.5%), mostly dysphagia (7.4%), new cranial neuropathies (6.2%), and cerebrospinal fluid leak (5.9%). A total of 16 patients (4.5%) had tumor recurrence and 7 died (2%), with median overall survival of 2.7 months (range, 0.1–252). Conclusions: Microsurgical resection is safe and effective for CVJ schwannomas. Data on SRS efficacy and indications are still lacking, and its role deserves further evaluation.