在Suzuki反应中，催化剂循环使用和产物回收的简便方法

在钯催化的Suzuki交叉偶联反应中，以聚环氧乙烷-甲醇为混合溶剂，反应结束后用正庚烷提取，产物进入非极性相，收率〉90％。催化剂留在极性相，可循环使用多次。     

胆碱酯酶抑制剂(ChEI)的临床药动学

药动学的基本性质吸收和口服生物利用度:在健康受试者和肌无力病人,对一些可逆性胆碱酯酶抑制药(ChEI)的单剂量和维持量治疗期间的口服吸收已进行许多研究。口服60mg 单剂量吡斯的明1～2h 后,血药浓度峰值为40～60μg/1。摄入食物可使血浓度达峰时间延迟约90min,但药-时曲线下面积(AUC)不受影响。口服30mg单剂量新斯的明后,血药浓度则低得多,为1～5μg/1。吡斯的明和新斯的明的口服生物利用度分别为10～20%和1～2%,可以认为,这些强亲水性化合物的生物利用度低的原因,主要是吸收度低。然而,鉴于新斯的明和吡斯的明可迅速水解,故也必须考虑它们在血液中水解和在肝中转化为代谢产物。在一些研究中,于口服吡斯的明后,不同时     

外科手术中产生的烟气:仅仅是大量的热空气吗?

外科医生和手术室人员经常接触手术设备产生的烟气,病人也会暴露于烟气中,特别是腹腔镜手术中产生的烟气滞留于腹腔内这一密闭空间并被吸收.这些烟气是一种与香烟烟气相似的毒性物质,然而对这种毒性物质的影响还未引起足够重视.应该采取必要措施尽可能减少手术中烟气的不良影响.     

Sexual Risk Intervention In Multiethnic Drug And Alcohol Users

An estimated 38.6 million persons globally are living with HIV, of whom over 1.1 million reside in Zambia. Of the 2 million cases in the US, 64% of new cases among women are among African Americans. Alcohol and drug use represents a significant risk factor for HIV transmission among both Zambians and African Americans. In addition, gender dynamics in both the US and Zambia promote transmission. This study examines two interventions targeting HIV risk behavior among HIV positive substance users, women in Miami, USA (the New Opportunities for Women (NOW) Project) and men in Lusaka, Zambia (the Partner Project). The study compares the efficacy of these two culturally tailored sexual behavior interventions provided in group and individual session formats. US and Zambian participants increased sexual barrier use and reduced substance-related sexual risk. Comparatively greater gains were made by higher risk Zambian males than US females in both group and individual conditions. Among lower risk participants, women in the group condition achieved and sustained the greatest comparative risk reductions. Results suggest that cost effective group HIV transmission risk reduction interventions for multiethnic individuals can be successfully implemented among both female and male drug and alcohol users in multinational settings.