Blood biochemical parameters of tilted primates periodically subjected to gravitational stimuli]

Head-down tilting of primates (HOT) is a universal method of studying the hypokinetic syndrome effects on functionality of various body systems. Clinical biochemical blood assay was performed in a 25-day HDT experiment (-5 degrees) with 11 Macaca rhesus. One group of animals was kept tilted all the time through, whereas the other was periodically returned into the orthostatic position for 30 to 120 minutes 4-5 times a week. Dry chemistry was employed in biochemical analysis of blood serum and enzyme immunodetection (EID) in measuring blood hormones. As a rule, the biochemical parameters of primates' serum were within the physiological norm range. Shifts in protein, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism were sought for and enzymic activity in blood serum and hormone concentrations were determined. HDT did not produce noteworthy changes in blood concentrations of somatotropic hormone, thyrotrophic hormone (TTH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) or cortisol. Animals of both groups showed statistically reliable decrease in blood osteocalcine. The preventive complex did not contribute materially to the control of metabolic homeostasis and endocrine function of the primates adapting to the 25-day HDT.     

Berechnung des Pflichtbeitrags eines niedergelassenen Arztes zum ?rztlichen Versorgungswerk bei Insolvenz

1. Wird dem Insolvenzsschuldner von den Gl?ubigern die Fortführung seiner Arztpraxis gestattet (sog. Betriebsfortführung), stellen die Pflichtbeitr?ge zur Altersversorgung sonstige Massenverbindlichkeiten dar, die gem. § 53 InsO vorweg durch den Insolvenzverwalter zu berichtigen sind. 2. Der Umstand, dass die Gl?ubigerversammlung im Rahmen der Betriebsfortführung für den fortführenden Arzt einen bestimmten monatlichen Unterhalt festgesetzt hat, bedingt keine Umqualifizierung der T?tigkeit als niedergelassener Arzt in eine Angestelltent?tigkeit. Die Pflichtbeitr?ge zur Altersversorgung sind daher nach den für Niedergelassene geltenden Satzungsbestimmungen zu berechnen, so dass nach wie vor allein der in der Praxis erzielte Gesamtumsatz und nicht der dem Arzt gew?hrte Unterhaltsbetrag als Berechnungsgrundlage für den Beitragssatz heranzuziehen ist.     

Vorrang des EU-Rechts im Approbationsrecht

1. Nach § 2 Abs. 1 S. 7 ZHG wird die Approbation nicht erteilt, wenn die naturwissenschaftliche Vorprüfung, die zahn?rztliche Vorprüfung oder die zahn?rztliche Prüfung nach der ZAppO endgültig nicht bestanden wurde. 2. Diese Regelung ist in Hinblick auf Art. 12 GG nicht zu beanstanden; allerdings bestehen gegen die Gültigkeit des § 2 Abs. 1 S. 7 ZHG verfassungsrechtliche Bedenken in Hinblick auf eine fehlende übergangs- bzw. Vertrauensschutzregelung.     

Keine Rundfunkgebühr für den Praxisweg

Abstrakt Fahrten eines Selbst?ndigen von seiner Wohnung zur Arbeitsstelle und zurück stellen eine „private“ Nutzung des Kraftfahrzeuges dar. In diesem Fahrzeug befindliche Zweitger?te unterfallen deshalb nicht gesondert der Rundfunkgebührenpflicht. (Leitsatz der Bearbeiterin)     

Processing of influenza HA protein in MDCK cells: Components with different mobilities in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their precursor-product relationships

Summary In influenza virus-infected MDCK cells labelled with¹⁴C-chlorella hydrolysate or³⁵S-methionine a virus-specific protein component is revealed migrating slightly faster than HA protein in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under chase conditions the component disappears either completely or partially, with a concomitant intensification of the HA band. The rate and extent of this transition are strain-dependent. Both the HA band and the faster moving component are not revealed if the cells are labelled in the presence of 20mM of D-glucosamine. In primary cell cultures of chick embryos a single HA band with a mobility similar to that of the faster moving component in MDCK cells has been observed. It is suggested that the transition of the label from the faster moving component to the HA band reflects the final step of HA processing specific for MDCK cells.With 7 Figures     

Intergenic HA-NA interactions in influenza A virus: postreassortment substitutions of charged amino acid in the hemagglutinin of different subtypes

In our previous studies influenza A virus reassortants having neuraminidase (NA) gene of A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) strain and hemagglutinin (HA) genes of H3, H4 and H13 subtypes were shown to produce a low virus yield and to exhibit a strong tendency to virion aggregation. More detailed studies with the use of a H3N1 reassortant and its high-yield non-aggregating variants revealed that NA of A/USSR/90/77 strain is inefficient in the removal of the terminal sialic acid residues from the virion components, and that the inefficiency of NA may be compensated by mutations in HA gene leading to a decrease of the receptor-binding affinity (Kaverin, N.V. , Gambaryan, A.S., Bovin, N.V., Rudneva, I.A., Shilov, A.A., Khodova, O.M., Varich, N.L., Sinitsin, B.V., Makarova, N.L., Kaverin, N.V., 1998. Postreassortment changes in influenza virus hemagglutinin restoring HA-NA functional match, Virology 244, 315-321). The present report describes studies performed with the use of H2N1 and H4N1 reassortants having HA genes of A/Pintail/Primorie/695/76 (H2N3) and A/Duck/Czechoslovakia/56 (H4N6) strains respectively and NA gene of A/USSR/90/77 strain. The low-yield reassortants and their high-yield non-aggregating variants were studied in both direct and competitive binding assays with sialic acid-containing substrates. The non-aggregating variants were shown to have a decreased affinity as compared to the initial reassortants toward high-molecular-weight sialic acid-containing substrates. The sequencing of HA genes revealed that all non-aggregating variants of H2N1 and H4N1 reassortants had amino acid substitutions increasing the negative charge of the HA molecule in the vicinity of the receptor-binding pocket. The results suggest that the influenza virus reassortants containing low-functional NA undergo similar postreassortment changes irrespective of the HA subtype: their receptor-binding activity decreased due to negatively charged amino acid substitutions in the vicinity of the receptor-binding pocket.