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1.
Sarah Averbach Othman Kakaire Rachel McDiehl Christine Dehlendorf Felicia Lester Jody Steinauer 《Contraception》2019,99(2):87-93
Objective
This study assessed whether immediate postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel contraceptive implants is associated with a difference in infant growth from birth to 6 months, onset of lactogenesis, or breastfeeding continuation at 3 and 6 months postpartum compared to delayed insertion at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum.Study design
We conducted a randomized trial of women in Uganda who desired contraceptive implants postpartum. We randomly assigned participants to receive either immediate (within 5 days of delivery) or delayed (6 to 8 weeks postpartum) insertion of a two-rod levonorgestrel contraceptive implant system. This is a prespecified secondary analysis evaluating breastfeeding outcomes. The primary outcome of this secondary analysis was change in infant weight; infants were weighed and measured at birth and 6 months. We used a validated questionnaire to assess onset of lactogenesis daily in person while participants were in the hospital, and then daily by phone after they left the hospital, until lactogenesis was documented. We used interviewer-administered questionnaires to assess breastfeeding continuation and concerns at 3 months and 6 months postpartum.Results
Among the 96 women randomized to the immediate group and the 87 women to the delayed group, the mean change in infant weight from birth to 6 months was similar between groups: 4632?g in the immediate group and 4407?g in the delayed group (p=.26). Among the 97 women who had not experienced lactogenesis prior to randomization, the median time to onset of lactogenesis did not differ significantly between the immediate and delayed groups (65?h versus 63?h; p=.84). Similar proportions of women in the immediate and delayed groups reported exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months (74% versus 71%; p=.74) and 6 months (48% versus 52%; p=.58).Conclusion
We found no association between the timing of postpartum initiation of levonorgestrel contraceptive implants and change in infant growth from birth to 6 months, onset of lactogenesis, or breastfeeding continuation at 3 or 6 months postpartum.Implications
This study provides evidence that immediate postpartum initiation of contraception implants does not have a deleterious effect on infant growth or initiation or continuation of breastfeeding. 相似文献2.
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Transformation of immortal, non-tumorigenic osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma cells to the tumorigenic phenotype by nickel sulfate 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Rani A.Shobha; Qu Da-Qin; Sidhu Maninder K.; Panagakos Fotinos; Shah Varsha; Klein Kenneth M.; Brown Nicholas; Pathak Sen; Kumar Suriender 《Carcinogenesis》1993,14(5):947-953
Epidemiological studies have indirectly linked compounds ofchromium, nickel and arsenic to human carcinogenesis. However,there is no evidence that metal compounds can transform humancells to the tumorigenic phenotype in culture. We show herethat exposure to 36 µM NiS04 for 4896 h resultsin transformation of an immortal, non-tumorigenic, osteoblast-likecell line, HOS TE85, to the tumorigenic phenotype. Continuouspassaging following treatment leads to the formation of a fewdense foci. The cells isolated and expanded from the foci aremorphologically transformed, and form anchorage-independentcolonies of the size and abundance comparable to that formedby Kirsten murine sarcoma virus transformed HOS TE85 cells.The transformed cells from tumors in nude mice, have enhancedlevels of plasminogen activators and have lost the ability toform model bone matrix on extended culture in the presence ofascorbic acid and ß-glycerophosphate. A number ofcell lines have been established from nude mouse tumors. Cytogeneticanalysis reveals 16 marker chromosomes and an aberrant chromosome16. This is the first report of the transformation of a humancell line to tumorigenic phenotype by a metal carcinogen. 相似文献
5.
The sonographic appearances in postpartum thyroiditis. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
H Adams M C Jones S Othman J H Lazarus A B Parkes R Hall D I Phillips C J Richards 《Clinical radiology》1992,45(5):311-315
During the postpartum period about 50% of women with circulating thyroid autoantibodies develop a transient autoimmune thyroiditis. To determine the sonographic appearances in postpartum thyroiditis (PPT), serial ultrasound (US) scans of the thyroid were performed in 135 postpartum women who were divided into three clinical groups: Group 1, 37 antibody positive subjects who developed PPT; Group 2, 28 antibody positive subjects in whom thyroid function remained normal; Group 3, 70 antibody negative controls. Thyroid hypoechogenicity was observed in 14/31 patients (45%) who were scanned between 4 and 8 weeks postpartum and who subsequently developed PPT (Group 1) compared with 4/24 patients (17%) in Group 2 (P less than 0.05) and 1/65 patients (1.5%) in Group 3 (P less than 0.001). In antibody positive patients, the positive predictive value of an abnormal scan during this period was 78%. Between 15 and 25 weeks postpartum thyroid hypoechogenicity was present in 32/37 patients (86%) in Group 1 compared with 11/28 patients (39%) in Group 2 (P less than 0.001) and 2/70 patients (3%) in Group 3 (P less than 0.001). Sonographic abnormality persisted beyond 32 weeks postpartum in 36/41 antibody positive patients (87%) who had exhibited thyroid hypoechogenicity earlier during the study and who had late scans. The characteristic US appearance in PPT is thyroid hypoechogenicity. The role of sonography in the prediction, diagnosis and follow up of patients with PPT is discussed. 相似文献
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118 multibacillary leprosy patients with differential manifestations were studied for the antigens they expressed at MHC loci to investigate the role of human leukocyte antigens in the differential response to the same causative agent. While the lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients showed a significant increase of Bw60, DR2, DRw8 and DQw1, borderline lepromatous (BL) patients had Bw52, DR9 and DQw7 significantly more often as compared to the normal controls. A comparison of LL, BL and mid-borderline (BB) patients showed a significantly higher frequency of Bw60 in LL patients as compared to the BL. However, Bw52, Bw53, DR9 and DQw7 were found significantly more often in the BL patients as compared to the LL patients but the difference failed to reach significance after pc. A comparison of HLA antigens in BB patients with those of either the LL or BL patients did not show any significant differences. 相似文献
8.
Othman Shibly Robert E. Schifferle Sebastian G. Ciancio Majd Tarakji Maryanne L. Mather 《Journal of clinical periodontology》1997,24(4):260-263
Abstract A single blind 30 day study compared the reduction of plaque and gingivitis for the Hapika® Powerbrush to the Interplak® ultra 10 tuft. A longitudinal parallel group design was utilized and screening evaluation was performed to determine patient eligibility prior to study enrollment. 66 subjects were entered into the study and assigned to 1 of 2 groups, each using one of the toothbrushes. At baseline, subjects received an oral soft tissue exam, a dental hard tissue exam, and were scored by the Lobene modification of the Löe and Silness gingival index (GI). Plaque was then disclosed and scored both pre and post brushing using the modified Turesky plaque/debris examination and an interproximal bleeding examination was performed post-brushing. On days 15 and 30, after an oral soft tissue and GI examination, plaque was graded by the Modified Turesky plaque/debris exam. Subjects then brushed and were graded by the Modified Turesky plaque/debris examination and an interproximal bleeding index examination. The results showed that both brushes provided a similar change in clinical indices. All produced a statistically significant reduction from baseline to day 30 for the gingival index (26.5-29.1%), the bleeding index (13.8-24.1%), and the plaque index (16.9-19.4%), A comparison of pre and post brushing scores for the plaque index at 30 showed that both brushes reduced plaque similarly with a statistically significant reduction (P<0.05) from their pre-brushing plaque index scores at all time periods. 相似文献
9.
K. Nagamani Manisha Rani Vishnuvardhan Reddy Panduranga Rao Sushma Rajyalakshmi Sunitha Pakalapaty 《Indian journal of medical microbiology》2022,40(1):12-17
PurposeNoroviruses are common viral agents in acute diarrhea in all age groups worldwide. Norovirus has been classified into 10 genogroups, GI to GX with over 48 genotypes among them the GII.4 genotype has evolved over time with a clear pattern of periodic variant replacement. Immunity is strain or genotype specific with little or no protection conferred across genogroups. The present study was aimed to determine the epidemiology, prevalent genotypes of norovirus in children below five years of age in the Hyderabad region, India.MethodsThe stool samples and clinical data were collected from 458 children below 5 years of age comprising of cases with acute gastroenteritis (n ?= ?366) and a control group (n ?= ?92) admitted to the pediatric ward. All the samples were tested for Norovirus by ELISA and RT-PCR. Sequencing was done for predominant strains.Results10.3% (n ?= ?38) of cases and 3.2% (n ?= ?3) of the control group were found to be Norovirus positive. Predominant genotypes were GII-82.5% followed by GI-12.5%.ConclusionSequencing and Phylogenetic analyses of 20 GII.4 strains was done. All of the isolates are clustered away from published the GII.4 variants thus suggesting the appearance of a new variant. 相似文献
10.
Rajni Rani S. A. Zaheer N. R. Suresh R. Walia S. K. Parida A. Mukherjee Rama Mukherjee G. P. Talwar 《Journal of clinical immunology》1992,12(1):50-55
Leprosy patients undergoing phase II trials in two hospitals of New Delhi, India, were HLA typed to see the association of HLA with differential responsiveness toMycobacterium w vaccine. The vaccine comprises an atypical, nonpathogenic mycobacterium,Mycobacterium w, which has cross-reactive antigens withM. leprae. Multibacillary patients who are lepromin negative are vaccinated at an interval of 3 months. Considerable improvement is evident in the patients in terms of a decline in bacterial indices and histopathological and immunological upgrading. But all the patients do not respond to the vaccine in the same manner; some are slow responders, while others are good responders. HLA-A28 and DQw3 (DQw8+9) were found to be associated with slow responsiveness, while DQw1 and DQw7 were found to be associated with a more rapid responsiveness to theM. w vaccine. However, these associations were not significant afterP correction for the number of antigens tested for each locus except for HLA-DQw3 (DQw8 and DQw9) and DQw7. DQw7, a new defined split of HLA-DQw3, seems to be associated with the responsiveness toM. w vaccine. 相似文献