Background: Most theoretical models of self-determination suggest that both environmental and personal factors influence the development of self-determination. The design and implementation of interventions must be conducted with foreknowledge of such mediating and moderating factors if the intervention is to be successful.
Methods: The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which several personal factors and school characteristics affect and explain students’ self-determination. A total of 232 students with intellectual disability from Spain participated. Their self-determination level was assessed by the ARC-INICO Scale.
Results: Students with moderate levels of intellectual disability obtained significantly lower scores on self-determination than their peers with mild intellectual disability. There were significant differences in relation to the level of support needs and their experience with transition programs. The level of support needs was a significant predictor.
Conclusion: These findings contribute to current research in this field and practical implications were discussed. 相似文献
The Latin American population has a double way of immigration, one toward the United States by proximity and another toward Spain by sociocultural affinity. This population increase is affecting organ donation and transplantation in receiving countries.
Objective
To analyze the brain death (BD) concept knowledge in the Dominican Republic immigrant population in Florida (United States) and Spain.
Method
Population under study: Population born in the Dominican Republic, resident in Florida (United States) and in Spain. Inclusion criteria: Population older than 15 years stratified by age and sex. Assessment instrument: Donation attitude questionnaire PCID-DTO-Ríos. Fieldwork: Random selection based on stratification. Immigration support association collaboration in Florida and Spain was needed to locate potential respondents. Completion was anonymous and self-administered, with verbal consent.
Results
A total of 123 respondents, 57 residents in Spain and 66 in Florida, have been included in the study. The 27% (n = 33) of the respondents knowledgeable of the BD concept consider it the death of an individual. Of the remainder, 52% (n = 64) do not know about it, and the remaining 21% (n = 26) believe it does not mean the death of a patient. No differences were observed regarding migration countries (P > .05). There was no association of the BD concept with other psychosocial factors analyzed or with the attitude toward organ donation.
Conclusions
Knowledge of the BD concept among the Dominican immigrant population is similar in Spain and Florida, and, unlike most studies, there is no objective association with the attitude toward organ donation. 相似文献
This was a retrospective, longitudinal cephalometric and cast study of 29 white patients at pretreatment, posttreatment, and an average of 6 years 3 months postretention. The goal was to assess changes with treatment and retention with the expanding mandibular lingual arch appliance in conjunction with fixed edgewise treatment. Seven mandibular cast measurements were assessed, including arch crowding, arch perimeter, arch length, and arch width at the permanent canines, first premolars, second premolars, and first molars. Cephalometric radiographs were digitized, and 16 cephalometric measurements were made. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and 2-sample t tests were used to determine statistically significant changes. It was found that the expanding lingual arch used for less than 6 months with the mandibular fixed edgewise appliance caused an increase in both the transverse and sagittal dimensions of the mandibular dental arch. Transverse expansion was more stable in the posterior region of the mandibular dental arch than in the anterior region. Mandibular intercanine width increase could be maintained only by fixed retention. Although the maxillary and mandibular incisors were advanced and proclined, lip protrusion did not occur. 相似文献
We compared the functional status of the hypothalamic dopaminergic tone in patients given an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) with that observed in patients with allo-HSCT without chronic GVHD and in healthy controls. The effect of acute dopaminergic blockade with intravenous metoclopramide on serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations was evaluated. Twenty volunteers, 20 to 52 years of age, seronegative for both hepatitis C virus and the human immunodeficiency virus, were studied: (1) 10 clinically healthy men (group 1), and (2) 9 patients with leukemia, and 1 patient with refractory aplastic anemia who underwent allo-HSCT, 5 of whom (3 men and 2 women) developed chronic GVHD (group 2), and 5 (3 men and 2 women) who did not develop chronic GVHD (group 3). Serum PRL concentrations were measured both fasting and after intravenous administration of metoclopramide (10-mg bolus). The area under the PRL curve was calculated. Patients in group 2 were older than those in groups 1 and 3 (P<.018), but their body mass index was similar. Fasting serum PRL concentrations were similar among the 3 groups; however, group 2 had higher PRL concentrations throughout the test (P<.001) and a greater area under the PRL curve than groups 1 and 3 (P<.001), without differences between the last 2 groups. The differences remained significant after adjustment for age (P<.01). Our results in a small group of patients with chronic GVHD after allo-HSCT suggest the existence of an increased functional level of their hypothalamic dopamine tone, which would favor a tendency toward a diminished endogenous production, release of pituitary PRL, or both. This could represent an adaptive mechanism aiming to maintain circulating PRL concentrations within a physiological range. 相似文献
Ninety-five patients out of total 190 cases of aluminium phosphide (ALP) poisoning, who exhibited ECG changes were studied for incidence, type and pattern of ECG abnormalities, their effect on mortality and their relationship with histopathology of heart. Its incidence in the present study was 50%. The arrhythmias, conduction disturbances and ischaemic pattern occurred more or less in equal frequency. Certain ECG abnormalities which had not been reported previously ie, early repolarisation syndrome, varied sino-atrial blocks, bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome and electrical alternans were observed in this study. The clinical profile of these cases was similar irrespective of whether patients had ECG abnormalities or not. Shock was the cardinal feature. There was no effect of ECG abnormalities on mortality. The mortality which was otherwise high, depended upon severity of poisoning, dose of poison consumed, duration of shock, failure of response of shock to resuscitative measures and severe hypomagnesaemia. The pathogenesis of ECG abnormalities is still obscure. Hypomagnesaemia was observed in all the 18 cases studied, irrespective of ECG abnormalities. However, these were common when hypomagnesaemia was severe. Hypoxaemia and shock were not the contributory factors for these abnormalities. Autopsy revealed stereotyped histopathological changes of toxic myocarditis independent of ECG findings. 相似文献
The purpose of this study is to determine the importance of two-dimensional echocardiography performed soon after admission to the coronary care unit to provide useful information concerning wall-motion abnormalities, and to detect and characterize left ventricular thrombi. A major goal is to identify a subgroup of patients with acute myocardial infarction who are at risk for systemic embolization; in this subgroup the benefits of anticoagulation treatment would theoretically outweigh the associated risks. We studied 7 consecutive male patients, age range from 32 to 60 years, with acute myocardial infarction. Five patients had antero-septal infarction, 1 anterolateral and another had anterior wall infarction. We performed two-dimensional echocardiography within the first week after admission. All patients had severe apical-wall-motion abnormalities (akinesis or dyskinesis) and left ventricular thrombi. All patients received anticoagulation therapy. Two-dimensional echocardiography, performed one month after the first study, showed that the thrombi had decreased in size in 6 patients and could not be visualized in 1 patient. The noninvasive nature of echocardiography allows serial evaluations of patients with known left ventricular thrombi and permits assessment of the effect of therapy. 相似文献
Intramedullary epidermoid cysts of the spinal cord are rare tumors, especially those not associated with spinal dysraphism. About 50 cases have been reported in the literature. Of these, only seven cases have had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. We report two cases of spinal intramedullary epidermoid cysts with MR imaging. Both were not associated with spina bifida. In one patient, the tumor was located at D4 vertebral level; while in the other, within the conus medullaris. The clinical features, MRI characteristics and surgical treatment of intramedullary epidermoid cyst are presented with relevant review of the literature. 相似文献
The pathogenic mechanisms of accelerated graft fibrosis in hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) are not well established. The aim of the study was to assess whether a greater activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the major collagen-producing cells in the liver, can occur in these patients as compared to non-LT patients with chronic hepatitis C. We determined the amount of activated HSC by computer-based morphometric analysis of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA)-positive cells and the hepatic TGFbeta(1) expression by immunohistochemistry in 46 LT patients with hepatitis C recurrence, 35 non-LT patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 16 controls. Hepatic alphaSMA and TGFbeta(1) expression was higher in LT patients with hepatitis C recurrence than in controls and was correlated with fibrosis stage and progression rate. No significant difference in alphaSMA and TGFbeta(1) expression was observed between LT and non-LT patients with hepatitis C, with the exception of a higher transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta(1)) expression in non-LT patients in the early stages of fibrosis. LT patients receiving cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (FK) had a similar fibrosis progression rate and alphaSMA and TGFbeta(1) expression. In conclusion, the accelerated fibrosis observed in LT patients with hepatitis C recurrence does not seem to be related to a greater amount of activated HSC and TGFbeta(1) expression in the grafts of these patients as compared to non-LT patients with chronic hepatitis C. In LT patients, the amount of activated HSC and TGFbeta(1) expression correlated with fibrosis stage and progression, without any apparent influence of the type of calcineurin inhibitor administered. 相似文献